Shortness Of Breath in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Understanding different shortness of breath patterns according to TCM theory

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14
TCM Patterns
83
Formulas
Overview
What causes it 14 TCM patterns documented
How to recognize Symptoms specific to each shortness of breath pattern
Classical remedies 83 herbal formulas documented

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approaches shortness of breath through the lens of pattern diagnosis, a fundamental concept that distinguishes it from Western medical approaches. In TCM, dyspnea is seen as a manifestation of underlying imbalances within the body's energy systems, particularly involving the Lung and Kidney.

This holistic view considers not just the respiratory symptom itself, but how it relates to overall bodily functions, energy flow, and organ interactions. Identifying the correct pattern is crucial because it guides the entire treatment strategy.

TCM Patterns for Shortness Of Breath

Phlegm

Thick, sticky pathological fluid that obstructs body functions and can manifest anywhere in the body

Causes: Labored breathing, Shortness of breath, Short of breath, Difficult breathing

13 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Local or systemic
Features Nodules/lumps • Heavy sensation • Mucus/expectoration • Mental confusion (if affecting mind)

Phlegm is both a pathological product and a pathogenic factor in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It results from impaired fluid metabolism when the body's transformative functions fail, particularly affecting the Spleen, Lungs, and Kidneys. Classical texts emphasize that "the Spleen is the source of phlegm production, while the Lungs are the storage vessel for phlegm."

Oedema
How it presents with shortness of breath

Labored breathing

Along with: Abdominal edema, Ankle edema, Facial edema, Foot edema, Oedema of hands, Leg edema,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Coughing, Pale face, Sputum, Stifling sensation in the chest, Discomfort when lying down, Wheezing,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Dry-Phlegm in the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Dry cough, Scanty sputum, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sputum, Feeling of heaviness, Dizziness,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Late menstruation, Amenorrhea, Scanty menstruation, Lower abdominal pain, Abdominal heaviness, Stifling sensation in the chest,

Phlegm-Fluids
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Abdominal distention, Vomiting clear liquid, Feeling of heaviness, Hypochondrial pain that is worse on coughing and breathing, Coughing, Lack of sweating,

Phlegm-Fluids in the hypochondrium
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Hypochondrial pain that is worse on coughing and breathing, Hypochondriac distention

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Coughing, White and watery sputum, Gurgling noise in the chest, Stifling sensation in the chest, Feeling of heaviness, Dizziness,

Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Coughing, Wheezing, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sputum, Feeling of heat, Thirst,

Turbid Phlegm Blocks Orifices
How it presents with shortness of breath

Short of breath

Along with: Coma, Loss of consciousness, Clenching of teeth, Shortness of breath, Pale face, Copious sputum,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Phlegm in Chest
How it presents with shortness of breath

Difficult breathing

Along with: Focal distention of the chest, Difficulty breathing in

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Wind-Cold invading the Interior with Phelgm-Heat
How it presents with shortness of breath

Labored breathing

Along with: Shortness of breath, Copious thick yellow sputum, Chronic bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchiolitis, Bronchial asthma

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Phlegm-Fluids in the chest and hypochondrium
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Cough with chest pain, Upper abdominal focal distention, Dry heaving, Headaches, Vertigo, Pericardial effusion,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Phlegm in the Lower Burner
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Throbbing below the belly button, Vomiting frothy saliva, Vertigo, Coughing, Edema, Glomerulonephritis,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Qi Deficiency

Insufficient vital energy causing fatigue, weakness, poor digestion, and reduced function of organs and protective systems

Causes: Shortness of breath, Short of breath, Shortness of breath on exertion, Dyspnea on exertion

10 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic
Features Fatigue • Weak voice • Shortness of breath • Spontaneous sweating • Poor appetite

Qi Deficiency is a fundamental pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine where the body's vital energy is insufficient to maintain normal physiological functions, leading to weakness, fatigue, and various organ dysfunctions.

Lung Qi Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Daytime sweating, Dislike of speaking

Qi Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: General weakness, Weak voice, Generalized fatigue, Apathy, Dislike of speaking, Spontaneous sweat,

Lung and Heart Qi Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Coughing, Weak voice, Dislike of speaking, Pale face, Frequent colds or flu, Generalized fatigue,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Qi and Blood Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: General weakness, Generalized fatigue, Weak voice, Pale face, Palpitations, Dizziness,

Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Loss of appetite, Slight abdominal distension after eating, Generalized fatigue, General weakness, Pale face, Weak limbs,

Spleen and Kidney Qi Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Short of breath

Along with: Excessive menstruation, Pale menstrual flow, Thin menstrual blood, Prolonged menstrual periods, Shortness of breath, Palpitations

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Heart Qi Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath on exertion

Along with: Palpitations, Exertional dyspnea, Pale face, Spontaneous sweat, Generalized fatigue

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Spleen and Stomach Qi Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Dizziness, Unsteadiness, Blurry vision, Deafness, Tinnitus, Weak voice,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Spleen or Kidney Qi Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Early menstruation, Pale menstrual flow, Lower back pain, Dizziness, Chills, Nocturia,

Heart and Spleen Qi and Blood Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath, Dyspnea on exertion

Along with: Palpitations, Poor memory, Restless sleeplessness, Fever, Loss of appetite, Generalized fatigue,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Dampness

Heavy, sticky moisture that obstructs body functions and creates sluggishness

Causes: Breathlessness, Labored breathing, Shortness of breath

7 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic, especially digestive
Features Heavy/foggy feeling • Sticky/turbid discharges • Poor appetite • Bloating

Dampness manifests as swelling, bloating, a feeling of heaviness in the head and limbs, and digestive issues. It's like having waterlogged tissues that make everything feel heavy and slow. Common signs include a thick, greasy tongue coating, sticky mouth sensation, and stools that are difficult to flush.

Kidney Yang Deficiency with Water overflowing
How it presents with shortness of breath

Breathlessness

Along with: Edema of the lower extremities, Cold sensation in legs and back, Abdominal distention, Lumbar pain, Chills, Scanty clear urination,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Oedema
How it presents with shortness of breath

Labored breathing

Along with: Abdominal edema, Ankle edema, Facial edema, Foot edema, Oedema of hands, Leg edema,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Coughing, Pale face, Sputum, Stifling sensation in the chest, Discomfort when lying down, Wheezing,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Late menstruation, Amenorrhea, Scanty menstruation, Lower abdominal pain, Abdominal heaviness, Stifling sensation in the chest,

Summer Heat with Dampness
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Fever, Aversion to cold, Excessive sweating, Headaches, Feeling of heaviness, Tight feeling in chest and stomach,

Wind-Cold-Water invading the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Ocular swelling, Shiny complexion, Scanty clear urination, Fever, Coughing, Aversion to cold,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Painful Obstruction with Wind-Cold-Damp
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Swollen and painful joints worsening at night, Joint stiffness, Chills without sweating, Weight loss, Headaches, Dizziness,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Cold

Congeals body fluids, damages Yang Qi, and causes pain with fixed location

Causes: Breathlessness, Shortness of breath, Labored breathing

6 variations documented
Onset Sudden
Location Can be local or systemic
Features Aversion to cold • Prefers warmth • Pain relieved by heat • Tight/contracted feeling

Cold is the predominant pathogenic factor of winter in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Cold represents an environmental pathogen that, when excessive, causes disease characterized by its cold, congealing, and contracting nature. While Cold is the main pathogen of winter, it can cause illness in any season through exposure to cold temperatures, getting caught in rain, sweating followed by wind exposure, or excessive air conditioning.

Greater Yang Attack of Cold
How it presents with shortness of breath

Breathlessness

Along with: Occipital headache, Aversion to cold, Low grade fever, Lack of sweating, Stiff neck, Sneezing,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Empty-Cold
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Chills, Cold extremities, Pale face, Absence of thirst, Apathy, Excessive sweating,

Wind-Cold invading the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Aversion to cold, Fever, Itchy throat, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Sneezing,

Wind-Cold-Water invading the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Ocular swelling, Shiny complexion, Scanty clear urination, Fever, Coughing, Aversion to cold,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Wind-Cold invading the Interior with Phelgm-Heat
How it presents with shortness of breath

Labored breathing

Along with: Shortness of breath, Copious thick yellow sputum, Chronic bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchiolitis, Bronchial asthma

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Painful Obstruction with Wind-Cold-Damp
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Swollen and painful joints worsening at night, Joint stiffness, Chills without sweating, Weight loss, Headaches, Dizziness,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Yang Deficiency

Insufficient yang qi causing coldness, fatigue, and diminished physiological functions throughout the body

Causes: Breathlessness, Shortness of breath, Shortness of breath on exertion

5 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic
Features Always cold • Fatigue • Pale face • Prefers warmth • Cold limbs

Yang Deficiency represents a fundamental weakness of the body's yang qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It manifests as an inability to warm the body, transform substances, and maintain normal physiological activities, resulting in various cold-type symptoms and functional decline.

Kidney Yang Deficiency with Water overflowing
How it presents with shortness of breath

Breathlessness

Along with: Edema of the lower extremities, Cold sensation in legs and back, Abdominal distention, Lumbar pain, Chills, Scanty clear urination,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Lung Yang Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Coughing and wheezing with copious sputum, Cold extremities, Spontaneous sweat, Frequent colds or flu, Pale face, Generalized fatigue,

Heart Yang Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath on exertion

Along with: Palpitations, Exertional dyspnea, Generalized fatigue, Spontaneous sweat, Slight feeling of stuffiness in the heart, Chills,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Painful Obstruction with Liver and Kidney Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Lower back and leg pain and heaviness, Weakness and stiffness, Aversion to cold, General cold feeling, Palpitations, Chronic lower back pain,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Pale face, Facial edema, Oedema of limbs, Abdominal distention, Cold extremities, Diarrhea,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Heat

Intense, ascending pathogenic force that consumes body fluids, disturbs the mind, and accelerates all physiological processes

Causes: Breathlessness, Shortness of breath, Labored breathing

5 variations documented
Onset Can be sudden
Location Can be local or systemic
Features Red face/eyes • Thirst for cold drinks • Restlessness • Yellow/dark secretions

Heat is a major pathogenic factor in Traditional Chinese Medicine that can arise from external invasion or internal generation. Heat has the characteristics of burning intensity, rising upward, consuming qi and fluids, and generating wind and disturbing blood. In TCM philosophy, normal physiological warmth is called "minor fire" (少火) which maintains life functions, while pathological heat is "major fire" (壮火) which damages the body.

Liver Fire insulting the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Breathlessness

Along with: Shortness of breath, Asthma, Hypochondriac pain and discomfort, Cough with yellow or blood tinged sputum, Headaches, Dizziness,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Lung Heat
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Feeling of heat, Thirst, High fever, Cough with thin yellow sputum, Excessive sweating, Acne

Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Coughing, Wheezing, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sputum, Feeling of heat, Thirst,

Toxic-Heat
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Fever, Edema, Pus and discharge, Boils, Carbuncles, Pustule,

Wind-Cold invading the Interior with Phelgm-Heat
How it presents with shortness of breath

Labored breathing

Along with: Shortness of breath, Copious thick yellow sputum, Chronic bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchiolitis, Bronchial asthma

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Wind

Causes sudden symptoms, movement disorders, and serves as the vehicle for other pathogens

Causes: Shortness of breath, Labored breathing

4 variations documented
Onset Sudden
Location Often upper body/exterior
Features Rapid onset • Moving/migrating symptoms • Itching • Symptoms change location

Wind is the predominant pathogenic factor of spring in Traditional Chinese Medicine and is considered the leader of the six external pathogens. Wind is described as "the leader of the hundred diseases" (百病之长), serving as the primary factor in external pathogenic invasions. Wind represents a pathogen characterized by constant movement, changeability, and a tendency to affect the upper and outer portions of the body.

Wind-Cold invading the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Aversion to cold, Fever, Itchy throat, Congested nose, Nasal discharge, Sneezing,

Wind-Cold-Water invading the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Ocular swelling, Shiny complexion, Scanty clear urination, Fever, Coughing, Aversion to cold,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Wind-Cold invading the Interior with Phelgm-Heat
How it presents with shortness of breath

Labored breathing

Along with: Shortness of breath, Copious thick yellow sputum, Chronic bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchiolitis, Bronchial asthma

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Painful Obstruction with Wind-Cold-Damp
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Swollen and painful joints worsening at night, Joint stiffness, Chills without sweating, Weight loss, Headaches, Dizziness,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Blood Deficiency

Insufficient blood to nourish the body, causing paleness, dizziness, and dryness throughout the system

Causes: Shortness of breath, Dyspnea on exertion

3 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic
Features Pale face/lips/nails • Blurred vision • Dizziness • Scanty menses • Numbness

Blood Deficiency represents a fundamental lack of blood volume or quality in the body, resulting in organs, tissues, and the mind being undernourished. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, blood not only refers to the red fluid in our vessels but encompasses the body's entire nourishing and moistening functions.

Qi and Blood Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: General weakness, Generalized fatigue, Weak voice, Pale face, Palpitations, Dizziness,

Pericardium Blood Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Chest distension, Chest stiffness, Chest pain, Palpitations, Insomnia, Poor memory

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Heart and Spleen Qi and Blood Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath, Dyspnea on exertion

Along with: Palpitations, Poor memory, Restless sleeplessness, Fever, Loss of appetite, Generalized fatigue,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Yin Deficiency

Depletion of cooling, moistening fluids causing dryness, false heat rising, and restless agitation throughout the body

Causes: Shortness of breath, Shortness of breath on exertion

2 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic
Features Night sweats • Dry mouth/throat • Heat in afternoon/evening • Malar flush

Yin Deficiency represents a fundamental pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine where the body's yin fluids - blood, essence, and body fluids - become depleted, losing their ability to cool, moisten, and anchor the yang energy, resulting in relative hyperactivity of yang and internal heat manifestations.

Lung Yin Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Hoarse voice, Itchy throat, Dislike of speaking, Thin chest

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Kidney and Lung Yin Deficiency
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath on exertion

Along with: Dizziness, Tinnitus, Night dry coughing, Dry throat, Dry mouth, Emaciation,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Qi Stagnation

Blocked or disrupted flow of vital energy causing distending pain, emotional distress, and symptoms that worsen with stress

Causes: Shortness of breath

2 variations documented
Onset Gradual (can be sudden)
Location Can be local or systemic
Features Distending/moving pain • Emotional stress worsens • Sighing • Pain relieved by movement/burping

Qi Stagnation is a fundamental pathological pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine where the smooth flow of vital energy becomes obstructed, creating areas of pressure, pain, and dysfunction throughout the body.

Heart Qi Stagnation
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Palpitations, Chest distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Depression

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Pericardium Qi Stagnation
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Mild chest pain, Chest distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sighing, Throat lumps, Palpitations,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Blood Stasis

Blood that is no longer flowing smoothly through the vessels

Causes: Shortness of breath

2 variations documented
Onset Gradual (trauma=sudden)
Location Often local, can be systemic
Features Fixed/stabbing pain • Purple/dark coloration • Masses/tumors • Pain worse at night

Blood Stasis represents blood that is no longer flowing smoothly through the vessels, either moving too slowly, pooling in certain areas, or congealing into clots. It's one of the most important pathological conditions in Traditional Chinese Medicine and can be both a result of disease and a cause of further illness.

Heart Vessel obstructed
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Palpitations, Depression, Restlessness, Stifling sensation in the chest, Heart pain, Chest pain,

Pericardium Blood Stagnation
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Palpitations, Chest pain, Chest distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Purple lips, Purple nails,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Qi Sinking

Weakened lifting force causing downward bearing sensations, organ prolapse, and inability to hold things in their proper position

Causes: Shortness of breath

1 variation documented
Onset Gradual
Location Lower body/downward
Features Downward bearing feeling • Organ prolapse • Chronic diarrhea • Fatigue

Qi Sinking represents a progression from Spleen Qi deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, where the spleen's essential lifting function fails, causing various downward symptoms and organ displacement.

Qi Collapsing or Qi Sinking
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Uterine prolapse, Prolapsed bladder, Stomach prolapse, Nephroptosis, Anus prolapse, Bearing down sensation in abdomen,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Dryness

Depletes body fluids and primarily damages the lungs

Causes: Shortness of breath

1 variation documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic, especially Lung/skin
Features Dry skin/lips/throat • Dry cough • Autumn association • Cracked/rough texture

Dryness is the predominant pathogenic factor of autumn in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It represents environmental dryness that damages the body's fluids and particularly affects the respiratory system.

Dry-Phlegm in the Lungs
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Dry cough, Scanty sputum, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sputum, Feeling of heaviness, Dizziness,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Summer Heat

Intense summer heat that rapidly depletes both energy and fluids

Causes: Shortness of breath

1 variation documented
Onset Sudden
Location Systemic
Features Mostly summer season • Profuse sweating • Intense thirst • Possible fever

Summer-Heat (暑 Shǔ) is a unique pathogenic factor in Traditional Chinese Medicine that only occurs during summer. Unlike other disease-causing factors in TCM that can arise internally or externally, Summer-Heat always comes from the environment - specifically from exposure to intense summer heat and humidity.

Summer Heat with Dampness
How it presents with shortness of breath

Shortness of breath

Along with: Fever, Aversion to cold, Excessive sweating, Headaches, Feeling of heaviness, Tight feeling in chest and stomach,

Herbal Formulas for Shortness Of Breath

Traditional Chinese Medicine formulas used to address shortness of breath

Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang

Addresses these shortness of breath patterns:

Qi Deficiency Qi Sinking

Si Jun Zi Tang

Addresses these shortness of breath patterns:

Qi Deficiency Yang Deficiency

Wu Ling San

Addresses these shortness of breath patterns:

Dampness Yang Deficiency Phlegm

Er Chen Tang

Addresses these shortness of breath patterns:

Phlegm Dampness Heat

Gui Pi Tang

Addresses these shortness of breath patterns:

Qi Deficiency Blood Deficiency

Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang

Addresses these shortness of breath patterns:

Qi Stagnation

Bao Yuan Tang

Addresses these shortness of breath patterns:

Qi Deficiency

Huang Lian Jie Du Tang

Addresses these shortness of breath patterns:

Heat

Liu Jun Zi Tang

Addresses these shortness of breath patterns:

Qi Deficiency