Depression in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Understanding different depression patterns according to TCM theory

Educational content Consult qualified practitioners for medical advice

Condition Categories

13
TCM Patterns
81
Formulas
Overview
What causes it 13 TCM patterns documented
How to recognize Symptoms specific to each depression pattern
Classical remedies 81 herbal formulas documented

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), depression is not merely a psychological issue but a systemic one. It is seen as a result of disharmony and imbalance within the body's energy system or Qi.

TCM posits that emotional well-being is intertwined with physical health; thus, identifying the unique 'pattern' of disharmony is pivotal. Treatment is tailored to the individual, aimed at restoring balance and addressing the root cause rather than just alleviating symptoms.

TCM Patterns for Depression

Qi Stagnation

Blocked or disrupted flow of vital energy causing distending pain, emotional distress, and symptoms that worsen with stress

Causes: Depression

9 variations documented
Onset Gradual (can be sudden)
Location Can be local or systemic
Features Distending/moving pain • Emotional stress worsens • Sighing • Pain relieved by movement/burping

Qi Stagnation is a fundamental pathological pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine where the smooth flow of vital energy becomes obstructed, creating areas of pressure, pain, and dysfunction throughout the body.

Liver Qi Stagnation
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Hypochondriac distention, Chest distension, Upper abdominal distension, Abdominal distention, Sighing, Melancholia,

Qi And Blood Stagnation
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Chest distension, Chest pain, Stabbing fixed pain, Dark face, Purple lips, Purple nails,

Heart Qi Stagnation
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Palpitations, Chest distension, Stifling sensation in the chest

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Qi Stagnation
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: General fullness, Moving pain, Irritability, Mood swings, Sighing

Pericardium Qi Stagnation
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Mild chest pain, Chest distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Sighing, Throat lumps, Palpitations,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Qi-Phlegm
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Globus sensation, Dysphagia, Upper abdominal oppression, Irritability, Mood swings

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Irritability, Melancholia, Mood swings,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Liver Qi Stagnation invading the Stomach
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Belching, Abdominal distention, Upper abdominal distension, Irritability, Dry mouth, Loss of appetite,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Lung Qi Deficiency and Liver Qi Stagnation
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Coughing, Hypochondrial fullness and distention with pain alleviated by warmth, Dizziness, Headaches, Apathy, Moving pain,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Phlegm

Thick, sticky pathological fluid that obstructs body functions and can manifest anywhere in the body

Causes: Depression, Mental depression

7 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Local or systemic
Features Nodules/lumps • Heavy sensation • Mucus/expectoration • Mental confusion (if affecting mind)

Phlegm is both a pathological product and a pathogenic factor in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It results from impaired fluid metabolism when the body's transformative functions fail, particularly affecting the Spleen, Lungs, and Kidneys. Classical texts emphasize that "the Spleen is the source of phlegm production, while the Lungs are the storage vessel for phlegm."

Phlegm
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Stifling sensation in the chest, Head fog, Dizziness

Phlegm-Heat
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Upper abdominal oppression, Mucous in feces

Qi-Phlegm
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Globus sensation, Dysphagia, Upper abdominal oppression, Irritability, Mood swings

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Late menstruation, Amenorrhea, Scanty menstruation, Lower abdominal pain, Abdominal heaviness, Stifling sensation in the chest,

Phlegm Fire harassing the Pericardium
How it presents with depression

Mental depression

Along with: Palpitations, Flushed face, Bitter taste in the mouth, Noisy breathing, Restlessness, Insomnia,

Phlegm Misting the Heart
How it presents with depression

Mental depression

Along with: Confusion, Loss of consciousness, Hypersomnia, Incoherent or confused speech, Slurred speech, Aphasia,

Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
How it presents with depression

Mental depression

Along with: Palpitations, Flushed face, Bitter taste in the mouth, Noisy breathing, Restlessness, Insomnia,

Qi Deficiency

Insufficient vital energy causing fatigue, weakness, poor digestion, and reduced function of organs and protective systems

Causes: Depression

6 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic
Features Fatigue • Weak voice • Shortness of breath • Spontaneous sweating • Poor appetite

Qi Deficiency is a fundamental pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine where the body's vital energy is insufficient to maintain normal physiological functions, leading to weakness, fatigue, and various organ dysfunctions.

Qi and Blood Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: General weakness, Generalized fatigue, Weak voice, Pale face, Shortness of breath, Palpitations,

Liver Qi Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Dizziness, Blurry vision, Eye floaters, Nervousness, Timidity, Easily startled,

Lung and Heart Qi Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Shortness of breath, Coughing, Weak voice, Dislike of speaking, Pale face, Frequent colds or flu,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Spleen Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Sticky vaginal discharge, Generalized fatigue, Cold extremities, Diarrhea, White vaginal discharge, Loss of appetite,

Stomach Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Nausea or vomiting, Generalized fatigue, Chills, Loss of appetite, Dry mouth, Morning sickness

Lung Qi Deficiency and Liver Qi Stagnation
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Coughing, Hypochondrial fullness and distention with pain alleviated by warmth, Dizziness, Headaches, Apathy, Moving pain,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Blood Deficiency

Insufficient blood to nourish the body, causing paleness, dizziness, and dryness throughout the system

Causes: Depression

6 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic
Features Pale face/lips/nails • Blurred vision • Dizziness • Scanty menses • Numbness

Blood Deficiency represents a fundamental lack of blood volume or quality in the body, resulting in organs, tissues, and the mind being undernourished. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, blood not only refers to the red fluid in our vessels but encompasses the body's entire nourishing and moistening functions.

Qi and Blood Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: General weakness, Generalized fatigue, Weak voice, Pale face, Shortness of breath, Palpitations,

Blood Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Dizziness, Scanty menstruation, Amenorrhea, Dull shallow face, Pale lips, Poor memory,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Liver and Heart Blood Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Palpitations, Dizziness, Insomnia, Vivid dreaming, Poor memory, Anxiety,

Liver Blood Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Blurry vision, Dull pale complexion, Scanty menstruation, Limb numbness, Pale lips, Muscle weakness,

Spleen Blood Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Loss of appetite, Generalized fatigue, General weakness, Pale face, Weak limbs, Diarrhea,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Liver Blood and Kidney Essence Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Primary amenorrhea, Lower back pain, Generalized fatigue, Knee pain, Dizziness, Amenorrhea,

Yin Deficiency

Depletion of cooling, moistening fluids causing dryness, false heat rising, and restless agitation throughout the body

Causes: Depression

6 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic
Features Night sweats • Dry mouth/throat • Heat in afternoon/evening • Malar flush

Yin Deficiency represents a fundamental pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine where the body's yin fluids - blood, essence, and body fluids - become depleted, losing their ability to cool, moisten, and anchor the yang energy, resulting in relative hyperactivity of yang and internal heat manifestations.

Lung Yin Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Hoarse voice, Itchy throat, Dislike of speaking, Thin chest

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Heart Yin Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Night sweats, Feeling of uneasiness, Feeling of heat, Heat sensation in palms, Hysteria, Neurasthenia

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Kidney Yin Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Excessive sweating, Back pain, Hearing loss, Dry mouth and throat at night, Lower back pain, Constipation,

Liver Yin Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Dizziness, Limb numbness, Tingling of limbs, Insomnia, Blurry vision, Eye floaters,

Deficiency of both the Kidney Yin and Yang
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Menopausal symptoms, Hypertension, Irregular periods, Menopausal hot flashes, Excessive sweating, Irritability,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Stomach Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Nausea or vomiting, Generalized fatigue, Chills, Loss of appetite, Dry mouth, Morning sickness

Heat

Intense, ascending pathogenic force that consumes body fluids, disturbs the mind, and accelerates all physiological processes

Causes: Depression, Mental depression

5 variations documented
Onset Can be sudden
Location Can be local or systemic
Features Red face/eyes • Thirst for cold drinks • Restlessness • Yellow/dark secretions

Heat is a major pathogenic factor in Traditional Chinese Medicine that can arise from external invasion or internal generation. Heat has the characteristics of burning intensity, rising upward, consuming qi and fluids, and generating wind and disturbing blood. In TCM philosophy, normal physiological warmth is called "minor fire" (少火) which maintains life functions, while pathological heat is "major fire" (壮火) which damages the body.

Phlegm-Heat
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Upper abdominal oppression, Mucous in feces

Stagnant Liver Qi turning into Fire
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Hypochondriac distention, Upper abdominal distension, Stifling sensation in the chest, Irritability, Melancholia, Mood swings,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Phlegm Fire harassing the Pericardium
How it presents with depression

Mental depression

Along with: Palpitations, Flushed face, Bitter taste in the mouth, Noisy breathing, Restlessness, Insomnia,

Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
How it presents with depression

Mental depression

Along with: Palpitations, Flushed face, Bitter taste in the mouth, Noisy breathing, Restlessness, Insomnia,

Stomach Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Nausea or vomiting, Generalized fatigue, Chills, Loss of appetite, Dry mouth, Morning sickness

Yang Deficiency

Insufficient yang qi causing coldness, fatigue, and diminished physiological functions throughout the body

Causes: Depression

4 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic
Features Always cold • Fatigue • Pale face • Prefers warmth • Cold limbs

Yang Deficiency represents a fundamental weakness of the body's yang qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It manifests as an inability to warm the body, transform substances, and maintain normal physiological activities, resulting in various cold-type symptoms and functional decline.

Kidney and Spleen Yang Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Lower back pain, Weak and cold knees, Back cold sensation, Chills, Weak legs, Bright pale face,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Kidney Yang Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Lower back pain, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Weak and cold knees, Lower back coldness, Chills,

Deficiency of both the Kidney Yin and Yang
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Menopausal symptoms, Hypertension, Irregular periods, Menopausal hot flashes, Excessive sweating, Irritability,

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Spleen or Kidney Yang Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Abdominal pain that worsens with cold, Urinary dysfunction, Deep pain and heaviness in limbs, Dizziness, Heavy sensation in the head, Edema,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Blood Stasis

Blood that is no longer flowing smoothly through the vessels

Causes: Depression

3 variations documented
Onset Gradual (trauma=sudden)
Location Often local, can be systemic
Features Fixed/stabbing pain • Purple/dark coloration • Masses/tumors • Pain worse at night

Blood Stasis represents blood that is no longer flowing smoothly through the vessels, either moving too slowly, pooling in certain areas, or congealing into clots. It's one of the most important pathological conditions in Traditional Chinese Medicine and can be both a result of disease and a cause of further illness.

Qi And Blood Stagnation
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Chest distension, Chest pain, Stabbing fixed pain, Dark face, Purple lips, Purple nails,

Heart Vessel obstructed
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Palpitations, Shortness of breath, Restlessness, Stifling sensation in the chest, Heart pain, Chest pain,

Spleen and Liver Blood Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Loss of appetite, Slight abdominal distension after eating, Generalized fatigue, General weakness, Dull pale complexion, Weak limbs,

Mind Disturbance

Disruption of consciousness, mental clarity, and emotional equilibrium causing restlessness, confusion, or withdrawal

Causes: Mental depression

3 variations documented
Onset Varies
Location Heart/Mind
Features Disturbed Shen • Anxiety/insomnia/palpitations • Emotional instability • Scattered thinking

Mind Disturbance represents a broad category of patterns in Traditional Chinese Medicine involving disruptions to consciousness, mental clarity, emotional stability, and cognitive function. These patterns affect the Shen (spirit/consciousness), which according to classical texts resides in the Heart and is distributed among the five organs.

Phlegm Fire harassing the Pericardium
How it presents with depression

Mental depression

Along with: Palpitations, Flushed face, Bitter taste in the mouth, Noisy breathing, Restlessness, Insomnia,

Phlegm Misting the Heart
How it presents with depression

Mental depression

Along with: Confusion, Loss of consciousness, Hypersomnia, Incoherent or confused speech, Slurred speech, Aphasia,

Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
How it presents with depression

Mental depression

Along with: Palpitations, Flushed face, Bitter taste in the mouth, Noisy breathing, Restlessness, Insomnia,

Qi Sinking

Weakened lifting force causing downward bearing sensations, organ prolapse, and inability to hold things in their proper position

Causes: Depression, Mental depression

2 variations documented
Onset Gradual
Location Lower body/downward
Features Downward bearing feeling • Organ prolapse • Chronic diarrhea • Fatigue

Qi Sinking represents a progression from Spleen Qi deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, where the spleen's essential lifting function fails, causing various downward symptoms and organ displacement.

Spleen Qi Sinking
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Loss of appetite, Slight abdominal distension after eating

Traditional Herbal Formulas
Qi Collapsing or Qi Sinking
How it presents with depression

Mental depression

Along with: Uterine prolapse, Prolapsed bladder, Stomach prolapse, Nephroptosis, Anus prolapse, Bearing down sensation in abdomen,

Traditional Herbal Formulas

Essence Deficiency

Depletion of the fundamental substance governing growth, development, reproduction, and aging

Causes: Depression

1 variation documented
Onset Very gradual
Location Systemic, especially Kidney
Features Developmental issues • Premature aging • Weak bones/teeth • Poor growth/fertility

Essence Deficiency is a fundamental pattern category in Traditional Chinese Medicine involving insufficient Jing (精), the vital substance that governs human growth, development, reproduction, and the aging process. Jing forms the material foundation of life itself, stored primarily in the Kidneys, and manifests throughout the body as the source of constitutional strength and vitality.

Liver Blood and Kidney Essence Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Primary amenorrhea, Lower back pain, Generalized fatigue, Knee pain, Dizziness, Amenorrhea,

Cold

Congeals body fluids, damages Yang Qi, and causes pain with fixed location

Causes: Depression

1 variation documented
Onset Sudden
Location Can be local or systemic
Features Aversion to cold • Prefers warmth • Pain relieved by heat • Tight/contracted feeling

Cold is the predominant pathogenic factor of winter in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Cold represents an environmental pathogen that, when excessive, causes disease characterized by its cold, congealing, and contracting nature. While Cold is the main pathogen of winter, it can cause illness in any season through exposure to cold temperatures, getting caught in rain, sweating followed by wind exposure, or excessive air conditioning.

Stomach Deficiency
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Nausea or vomiting, Generalized fatigue, Chills, Loss of appetite, Dry mouth, Morning sickness

Dampness

Heavy, sticky moisture that obstructs body functions and creates sluggishness

Causes: Depression

1 variation documented
Onset Gradual
Location Systemic, especially digestive
Features Heavy/foggy feeling • Sticky/turbid discharges • Poor appetite • Bloating

Dampness manifests as swelling, bloating, a feeling of heaviness in the head and limbs, and digestive issues. It's like having waterlogged tissues that make everything feel heavy and slow. Common signs include a thick, greasy tongue coating, sticky mouth sensation, and stools that are difficult to flush.

Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
How it presents with depression

Depression

Along with: Late menstruation, Amenorrhea, Scanty menstruation, Lower abdominal pain, Abdominal heaviness, Stifling sensation in the chest,

Herbal Formulas for Depression

Traditional Chinese Medicine formulas used to address depression

Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang

Addresses these depression patterns:

Qi Stagnation Phlegm

Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang

Addresses these depression patterns:

Qi Deficiency Blood Deficiency Qi Sinking

Wen Dan Tang

Addresses these depression patterns:

Phlegm Heat Mind Disturbance

Chai Hu Shu Gan San

Addresses these depression patterns:

Blood Stasis Qi Stagnation

Gui Pi Tang

Addresses these depression patterns:

Qi Deficiency Blood Deficiency Blood Stasis

Si Wu Tang

Addresses these depression patterns:

Blood Deficiency Qi Deficiency Qi Stagnation Blood Stasis

Suan Zao Ren Tang

Addresses these depression patterns:

Blood Deficiency Yin Deficiency

Wu Yao Tang

Addresses these depression patterns:

Qi Stagnation Blood Stasis

Xiao Yao San

Addresses these depression patterns:

Qi Stagnation Qi Deficiency