Zi Jin Ding

Purple Gold Lozenge · 紫金錠

Also known as: Yù Shū Dān (玉枢丹), Tài Yǐ Zǐ Jīn Dān (太乙紫金丹), Shén Xiān Zhuī Dú Wán (神仙追毒丸),

A classical emergency remedy used to counteract toxic or foul substances, reduce swelling, and relieve pain. Taken internally for sudden stomach bloating, vomiting, and diarrhea caused by food poisoning, heatstroke, or epidemic toxins. Applied externally for boils, skin infections, mumps, and insect or snake bites.

Origin Bǎi Yī Xuǎn Fāng (百一选方) by Wang Qiu (王璆) — Sòng dynasty, ~1196 CE
Composition 7 herbs
Shan Ci Gu
King
Shan Ci Gu
She Xiang
King
She Xiang
Jing Da Ji
Assistant
Jing Da Ji
Qian Niu Zi
Assistant
Qian Niu Zi
Wu Bei Zi
Assistant
Wu Bei Zi
Xiong Huang
Assistant
Xiong Huang
Zhu Sha
Assistant
Zhu Sha
Explore composition

Educational content Consult qualified TCM practitioners for diagnosis and treatment

Patterns Addressed

In TCM, symptoms don't appear randomly — they cluster into recognizable patterns of disharmony that reveal what's out of balance in the body. Zi Jin Ding is designed to correct these specific patterns.

Why Zi Jin Ding addresses this pattern

When foul, turbid pathogenic factors (such as contaminated food, epidemic toxins, or summer Heat-Dampness) invade the Stomach and intestines, they obstruct the normal ascending and descending of Qi in the Middle Burner. This causes bloating, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea occurring simultaneously. The turbid Phlegm may also cloud the sensory orifices, producing confusion or loss of consciousness. Zi Jin Ding addresses this by using Shan Ci Gu and She Xiang to resolve the toxic turbidity and open the blocked orifices, while Hong Da Ji and Qian Jin Zi Shuang drive the foul material downward and out. Wu Bei Zi prevents the purgation from becoming excessive.

A practitioner would look for one or more of these signs

Abdominal Distention

Fullness and bloating in the upper abdomen

Abdominal Pain

Cramping epigastric pain

Diarrhea

Acute watery or foul-smelling diarrhea

Nausea

Persistent nausea

Thick Tongue Coating

Thick, greasy or turbid tongue coating

Commonly Prescribed For

These conditions can arise from the patterns above. A practitioner would consider Zi Jin Ding when these conditions are specifically caused by those patterns — not for all cases of these conditions.

TCM Interpretation

In TCM understanding, food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of foul, toxic substances that disrupt the normal functioning of the Spleen and Stomach. These toxins are classified as a type of turbid pathogenic factor (秽浊之邪) that blocks the Qi mechanism of the Middle Burner. The Stomach loses its ability to send food downward (降浊), causing vomiting, while the Spleen loses its ability to transform and transport, causing diarrhea. When the toxic turbidity is severe, it may also cloud the mind and block the orifices, producing dizziness or even loss of consciousness.

Why Zi Jin Ding Helps

Zi Jin Ding directly targets the toxic turbidity at the root of food poisoning. Shan Ci Gu resolves the toxins and disperses Phlegm accumulation, while She Xiang's aromatic penetrating power reopens the blocked Qi mechanism of the Middle Burner. Hong Da Ji and Qian Jin Zi Shuang drive the toxic material out through the intestines, effectively purging the source of illness. Wu Bei Zi prevents the purgation from worsening the diarrhea. The formula's lozenge form makes it practical as an emergency remedy that can be taken quickly and in precise doses.

Also commonly used for

Acute Gastroenteritis

Sudden onset stomach inflammation with vomiting and diarrhea

Heat Stroke

Summer Heat with nausea, abdominal pain, and confusion

Dysentery

Acute dysentery with abdominal cramping

Lumps

Parotid gland swelling (external application)

Cellulitis

Soft tissue infection with redness and swelling (external application)

Acute Gastritis

Breast infection with painful swelling (external application)

Erysipelas

Skin redness and swelling from infection (external application)

Insect Bites

Snake, scorpion, or insect bites (external application)

What This Formula Does

Every TCM formula has a specific set of actions — here's what Zi Jin Ding does in the body, explained in both everyday and TCM terms

Therapeutic focus

In practical terms, Zi Jin Ding is primarily used to support these areas of health:

How It Addresses the Root Cause

TCM doesn't just suppress symptoms — it aims to resolve the underlying imbalance. Here's how Zi Jin Ding works at the root level.

Zi Jin Ding addresses acute conditions where pestilent toxins (瘟毒), turbid Phlegm, and foul Qi invade the body, obstructing the middle burner and clouding the sensory orifices. In TCM theory, epidemic toxins and filthy, turbid pathogens can enter through the mouth or nose, rapidly congesting the Stomach and Intestines. This produces sudden, violent symptoms: abdominal distension and pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. When the turbid Phlegm accumulates and rises, it can block the Heart orifice, leading to loss of consciousness or convulsions, which is why children are particularly vulnerable to Phlegm-collapse (痰厥).

Externally, when Fire toxin accumulates under the skin or in the throat, it manifests as boils, carbuncles, mumps (痄腮), erysipelas (丹毒), or throat-Wind (喉风). The common thread in all these presentations is the presence of virulent, toxic pathogenic factors combined with Phlegm obstruction. The body's normal Qi circulation is severely disrupted, and the situation is urgent.

The formula works by forcefully opening the orifices, breaking through Phlegm obstruction, and driving out toxins. Its aromatic and pungent components pierce through turbidity to restore consciousness, while its cold and bitter components neutralize Heat-toxin. The mildly purgative ingredients help expel toxic accumulations downward through the bowels. When applied externally, the formula draws out toxin and reduces inflammatory swelling at the local site.

Formula Properties

Every formula has an inherent temperature, taste, and affinity for specific organs — these properties determine how it interacts with the body

Overall Temperature

Cool

Taste Profile

Predominantly acrid and bitter with a characteristic aromatic quality — acrid to open and disperse, bitter to clear Heat and dry Dampness, aromatic to penetrate turbidity and open the orifices.

Ingredients

7 herbs

The herbs that make up Zi Jin Ding, organized by their role in the prescription

King — Main ingredient driving the formula
Assistant — Supports or moderates other herbs
Kings — Main ingredient driving the formula
Shan Ci Gu

Shan Ci Gu

Chinese Tulip bulbs

Dosage 90g (in the full batch recipe)
Temperature Cool
Taste Pungent, Sweet
Organ Affinity Spleen, Liver

Role in Zi Jin Ding

The principal herb, used in the largest dose. Shan Ci Gu clears Heat, resolves toxins, dissolves Phlegm, and disperses nodules. As the classical text Ben Cao Xin Bian states, it is the King herb of this formula and is central to its ability to treat strange diseases arising from Phlegm and toxins.
She Xiang

She Xiang

Musk

Dosage 9g (in the full batch recipe)
Temperature Warm
Taste Pungent
Organ Affinity Spleen, Heart, Liver
Preparation Add last when mixing powders to preserve aromatic properties

Role in Zi Jin Ding

Co-King herb with Shan Ci Gu. She Xiang is strongly aromatic and penetrating, opening the orifices and reviving consciousness when the senses are blocked by turbid pathogenic factors. It also moves Qi and Blood to relieve pain. Together with Shan Ci Gu, it addresses both the toxic obstruction and the blocked sensory orifices.
Assistants — Supports or moderates other herbs
Jing Da Ji

Jing Da Ji

Peking spurge roots

Dosage 45g (in the full batch recipe)
Temperature Cold
Taste Bitter
Organ Affinity Spleen, Kidneys, Lungs
Preparation Use vinegar-processed form (醋制)

Role in Zi Jin Ding

Bitter and cold with a strong downward-driving action. Hong Da Ji expels Phlegm, reduces swelling, and disperses masses. It assists the King herbs by powerfully driving out accumulated turbid pathogenic substances from the gastrointestinal tract.
Qian Niu Zi

Qian Niu Zi

Morning glory seeds

Dosage 30g (in the full batch recipe)
Temperature Cold
Taste Bitter, Pungent
Organ Affinity Kidneys, Large Intestine, Lungs
Preparation Must use the defatted frost form (霜) to reduce toxicity

Role in Zi Jin Ding

Acrid and warm with a drastic purgative action. The processed frost form (shuang) reduces its toxicity while retaining its ability to break up Blood stasis and purge accumulated pathogenic material downward. Works alongside Hong Da Ji to expel foul turbidity from the intestines.
Wu Bei Zi

Wu Bei Zi

Chinese Gall

Dosage 90g (in the full batch recipe)
Temperature Cold
Taste Pungent, Sour
Organ Affinity Kidneys, Large Intestine, Lungs

Role in Zi Jin Ding

Sour, astringent, and cold. Wu Bei Zi plays a critical restraining role: it astringes the intestines to stop diarrhea and counterbalances the harsh purgative actions of Hong Da Ji and Qian Jin Zi Shuang. As the Cheng Fang Bian Du explains, it gathers and concentrates the scattered toxins so the other herbs can act on them effectively, preventing the formula from purging excessively.
Xiong Huang

Xiong Huang

Realgar

Dosage 30g (in the full batch recipe)
Temperature Warm
Taste Bitter, Pungent
Organ Affinity Stomach, Heart, Liver
Preparation Must be processed by water-levigation (水飞) to ultrafine powder

Role in Zi Jin Ding

Acrid, bitter, and warm. Xiong Huang resolves Phlegm, dispels foul turbidity, and counteracts toxins. It reinforces the formula's ability to combat epidemic or pestilential poisons using a 'fight poison with poison' strategy.
Zhu Sha

Zhu Sha

Cinnabar

Dosage 30g (in the full batch recipe)
Temperature Cool
Taste Sweet
Organ Affinity Heart
Preparation Must be processed by water-levigation (水飞) to ultrafine powder

Role in Zi Jin Ding

Sweet and cold with a heavy, settling nature. Zhu Sha calms the spirit and settles restlessness that accompanies toxic invasion. It also contributes to clearing Heat and resolving toxins, supporting the overall detoxification strategy.

Why This Combination Works

How the herbs in Zi Jin Ding complement each other

Overall strategy

Zi Jin Ding addresses conditions where foul, turbid, or toxic pathogenic factors have invaded the body, blocking the gastrointestinal Qi mechanism and obstructing the sensory orifices. The formula combines potent toxin-resolving and orifice-opening herbs with substances that expel Phlegm and turbidity downward, while simultaneously preventing excessive purgation through astringent restraint.

King herbs

Shan Ci Gu and She Xiang serve as co-Kings. Shan Ci Gu, used at the highest dose (90g), is the formula's primary toxin-resolving agent: it clears Heat, dissolves Phlegm, and disperses toxic nodules. She Xiang, though used in a small dose (9g), is powerfully aromatic and penetrating. It opens blocked orifices and revives consciousness, while also moving Qi and Blood to relieve pain. Together they address the two core problems: toxic accumulation and sensory obstruction.

Assistant herbs

Five herbs serve as Assistants, each with a distinct function. Hong Da Ji and Qian Jin Zi Shuang are reinforcing Assistants that expel accumulated turbid Phlegm and toxins downward through their drastic purgative actions. Xiong Huang is also a reinforcing Assistant, using its toxic nature to fight poison with poison and dispel pestilential foulness. Wu Bei Zi serves a critical restraining role: its sour, astringent nature checks the harsh purgative power of Hong Da Ji and Qian Jin Zi Shuang, preventing excessive fluid loss from diarrhea. Zhu Sha calms the spirit with its heavy, settling quality, addressing the agitation and confusion that often accompany acute toxic invasion.

Notable synergies

The pairing of the three toxic-attacking herbs (Shan Ci Gu, Hong Da Ji, Qian Jin Zi Shuang) with the astringent Wu Bei Zi is the formula's most distinctive design feature. As the classical commentary in Cheng Fang Bian Du explains, the purgative herbs scatter and expel toxins while Wu Bei Zi gathers and concentrates them, preventing them from dispersing further. This push-and-pull dynamic allows the formula to detoxify without causing uncontrolled purging. The combination of She Xiang's orifice-opening power with the mineral sedatives (Zhu Sha, Xiong Huang) addresses both the need to restore consciousness and the need to calm the agitated spirit.

How to Prepare

Traditional preparation instructions for Zi Jin Ding

Grind all seven ingredients into a very fine powder. First grind Zhu Sha (cinnabar) and Xiong Huang (realgar) separately using water-levigation (水飞) to produce ultrafine particles. Separately powder Shan Ci Gu, Wu Bei Zi, and Hong Da Ji. Grind She Xiang (musk) finely, then combine all powders with Qian Jin Zi Shuang and mix thoroughly until homogeneous.

Prepare a paste from glutinous rice flour (糯米粉, approximately 320g) by mixing with water, forming into a lump, and steaming until cooked. Blend the steamed rice paste with the combined herbal powder, press into lozenge molds (each lozenge approximately 1.5 to 3g), and dry at low temperature in the shade until firm.

For internal use: take 0.6 to 1.5g per dose, twice daily, dissolved in warm boiled water. For external use: grind a lozenge with vinegar to form a paste and apply to the affected area.

Common Modifications

How practitioners adapt Zi Jin Ding for specific situations

Added
Jin Yin Hua

15g, clears Heat and resolves toxins

Lian Qiao

10g, clears Heat and disperses swelling

Huang Lian

6g, clears Damp-Heat from the intestines

Mu Xiang

6g, moves Qi to relieve abdominal cramping

Bai Shao

10g, relieves abdominal spasm and pain

Adding Heat-clearing and toxin-resolving herbs alongside Qi-moving and spasm-relieving agents enhances the formula's ability to address the intense Damp-Heat and painful tenesmus characteristic of bacterial dysentery.

Educational content — always consult a qualified healthcare provider or TCM practitioner before using any herbal formula.

Contraindications

Situations where Zi Jin Ding should not be used or requires extra caution

Avoid

Pregnancy: This formula is strictly prohibited during pregnancy. It contains She Xiang (musk), which strongly promotes movement and can stimulate the uterus, as well as Zhu Sha (cinnabar) and Xiong Huang (realgar), both classified as pregnancy-prohibited substances in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia due to known reproductive toxicity.

Avoid

Liver or kidney impairment: Zhu Sha (cinnabar, containing mercury sulfide) and Xiong Huang (realgar, containing arsenic sulfide) can accumulate in the liver and kidneys. Patients with pre-existing hepatic or renal dysfunction should not take this formula.

Avoid

Prolonged or excessive use: This formula contains mineral toxins (mercury, arsenic). It must not be taken in large doses or for extended periods. Continuous internal use should generally not exceed 7 days.

Caution

Patients with constitutional Qi deficiency or Yang deficiency: The formula's overall cooling, toxin-resolving nature and drastic purgative components (Qian Jin Zi, Hong Da Ji) can further injure Qi and damage the Spleen and Stomach in already weakened patients.

Avoid

Concurrent use with bromides, iodides, or methylxanthine drugs (e.g. theophylline): Zhu Sha can react with these substances to form toxic mercury compounds. Patients taking such medications should avoid this formula.

Caution

Allergic or hypersensitive individuals: Those with known allergy to any component, particularly mineral substances, should use with extreme caution or avoid entirely.

Special Populations

Important considerations for pregnancy, breastfeeding, and pediatric use

Pregnancy

Contraindicated — this formula must NOT be used during pregnancy. She Xiang (musk) is a powerful aromatic substance that strongly promotes movement and is a classical abortifacient, known to stimulate uterine contractions and cause miscarriage. Zhu Sha (cinnabar, mercury sulfide) has demonstrated reproductive toxicity in animal studies at doses close to clinical equivalents, including increased embryonic loss and reduced live fetal counts. Xiong Huang (realgar, arsenic sulfide) is also classified as pregnancy-prohibited in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, with animal studies showing late embryonic loss at relevant doses. Qian Jin Zi (Semen Euphorbiae) and Hong Da Ji (Radix Knoxiae) are drastic purgatives that can destabilize pregnancy. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia explicitly states: pregnant women must not take this formula (孕妇忌服).

Breastfeeding

Contraindicated during breastfeeding. This formula contains Zhu Sha (cinnabar) and Xiong Huang (realgar), which contain mercury and arsenic compounds respectively. These heavy metals can be transferred through breast milk and pose serious neurotoxic and developmental risks to the nursing infant. She Xiang (musk) also has strong bioactive properties that could pass into breast milk with unpredictable effects on the infant. Even brief use should be avoided while breastfeeding. If the formula must be used externally in an emergency, breastfeeding should be suspended for the duration of use and for a reasonable washout period afterward.

Children

Zi Jin Ding has traditional pediatric applications, particularly for childhood convulsions with Phlegm obstruction (小儿痰厥) and febrile seizures. However, it must be used with extreme caution in children due to the presence of Zhu Sha (mercury sulfide) and Xiong Huang (arsenic sulfide), which pose heightened toxicity risks in developing bodies. Dosage should be significantly reduced: typically one-quarter to one-half of the adult dose depending on age and body weight. Traditional sources suggest children's doses as roughly 1/3 to 1/4 of the adult amount. Duration of use should be strictly limited and should not exceed 3 days in children without direct medical supervision. This formula should only be administered to children under the guidance of a qualified practitioner, never as self-medication. It is not suitable for neonates or very young infants.

Drug Interactions

If you are taking pharmaceutical medications, be aware of these potential interactions with Zi Jin Ding

Zhu Sha (Cinnabar) interactions: Zhu Sha contains mercury sulfide. It should not be used concurrently with bromide or iodide medications, as these can react to form highly toxic mercuric bromide or mercuric iodide compounds, potentially causing drug-induced enteritis. It must also be avoided with methylxanthine drugs such as theophylline and aminophylline, because mercury can form toxic methylmercury compounds. Additionally, combining Zhu Sha with sedatives, hypnotics, anesthetics, or barbiturates may produce additive or excessive central nervous system depression.

Xiong Huang (Realgar) interactions: Xiong Huang contains arsenic sulfide. It should not be combined with other arsenic-containing medications. Caution is needed if a patient is taking medications metabolized by the liver (via CYP450 enzymes), as arsenic compounds may impair hepatic function and alter drug metabolism.

General caution: Due to the heavy metal content, patients taking any prescription medications, especially those affecting liver or kidney function, should consult both their prescribing physician and TCM practitioner before using this formula. High-salt diets should be limited during use, as salt increases the solubility and absorption of mercury compounds. Iodine-rich foods (seaweed, kelp) should also be avoided for the same reason.

Usage Guidance

Practical advice for getting the most out of Zi Jin Ding

Best time to take

For internal use, take between meals with warm boiled water (or as traditionally directed, with mint decoction for diarrhea/dysentery, or with warm rice wine for Stomach pain). For external use, grind with vinegar and apply to affected area as needed.

Typical duration

Acute use only: 1–3 days for emergency situations, not exceeding 7 days of continuous internal use under any circumstances.

Dietary advice

Avoid greasy, oily, and rich foods while taking this formula, as they impede the Stomach and Spleen and counteract the formula's toxin-clearing action. Avoid iodine-rich foods such as seaweed, kelp, and nori, as iodine can interact with the mercury in Zhu Sha to form toxic mercuric iodide. Limit salt intake, because salt increases the solubility and absorption of mercury from Zhu Sha. Avoid alcohol, which may increase absorption of the formula's toxic mineral components. Favor light, easily digestible foods such as plain rice porridge (congee) and cooked vegetables to support the Stomach during treatment.

Zi Jin Ding originates from Bǎi Yī Xuǎn Fāng (百一选方) by Wang Qiu (王璆) Sòng dynasty, ~1196 CE

Classical Texts

Key passages from the classical Chinese medical texts that first described Zi Jin Ding and its clinical use

《外科精要》(Wài Kē Jīng Yào, Essentials of External Medicine) by Chén Zì-míng, 1263:
This text first recorded the names "紫金锭" (Zǐ Jīn Dǐng) and "玉枢丹" (Yù Shū Dān) for this formula, listing it alongside the aliases 神仙追毒丸, 解毒丸, and 万病丸. The original five-herb composition was described as able to "解一切毒" ("resolve all poisons").

《丹溪心法附余》(Dān Xī Xīn Fǎ Fù Yú, Supplement to Danxi's Methods of Treatment) by Fāng Guǎng, Ming Dynasty:
"太乙神丹:一名追毒丸,一名紫金丹" — "Tai Yi Shen Dan: also called Zhui Du Wan, also called Zi Jin Dan." This edition added Zhu Sha and Xiong Huang to the original five herbs, expanding the formula to seven ingredients and claiming it could treat "一切医所不疗之疾" ("all diseases that other doctors cannot cure").

《随息居重订霍乱论》(Suí Xī Jū Chóng Dìng Huò Luàn Lùn, Revised Treatise on Cholera) by Wáng Mèng-yīng, Qing Dynasty:
Wang Mengying was the first to caution against indiscriminate use, noting: "惟风餐露宿,黎藿人寒湿为病者,服之颇宜。若一概施之,误人匪浅" — roughly, "it is quite suitable for those exposed to the elements who suffer from Cold-Damp, but applying it indiscriminately can cause serious harm."

Historical Context

How Zi Jin Ding evolved over the centuries — its origins, lineage, and place in the broader tradition of Chinese medicine

Zi Jin Ding has a remarkable history spanning over 800 years. Its earliest ancestor, called "圣授夺命丹" (Shèng Shòu Duó Mìng Dān, "Saintly Bestowed Life-Seizing Pill"), appeared in the Southern Song dynasty in Ye Dalian's Ye Shi Lu Yan Fang (叶氏录验方, published 1196). This original version contained just five ingredients: Wu Bei Zi, Shan Ci Gu, Hong Ya Da Ji, Qian Jin Zi Shuang, and She Xiang. In 1263, Chen Ziming's Wai Ke Jing Yao recorded the same formula under multiple aliases, including "紫金锭" and "玉枢丹" for the first time.

During the Ming dynasty, the formula was expanded. Fang Guang's supplement to Zhu Danxi's methods added Zhu Sha and Xiong Huang, bringing it to its modern seven-herb composition. The Qing dynasty physician Chen Shigong further refined it in his Wai Ke Zheng Zong (外科正宗), and Gu Shicheng's Yang Yi Da Quan (疡医大全) adjusted the proportions. The formula was included in every edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia from 1963 onward.

Historically, Zi Jin Ding held an almost legendary status as a household emergency remedy among the Chinese elite. In Dream of the Red Chamber (红楼梦, Chapter 28), Imperial Consort Jia sends "锭子药" (tablet medicines) as Dragon Boat Festival gifts, which would have included Zi Jin Ding. This was not fictional: Qing dynasty palace records confirm that the imperial court mass-produced ornamental medicinal tablets before the Dragon Boat Festival and distributed them to nobles, officials, and military camps. Emperor Yongzheng, for instance, gifted Zi Jin Ding to six military garrisons in 1733. These palace-made tablets were crafted into decorative shapes (spindles, fish, gourds) with painted colors and silk tassels, making them as much art objects as medicines.