Principal Meridian Yang Ming ST

Stomach Meridian

足阳明胃经 | Zú Yángmíng Wèi Jīng

Stomach Channel of Foot Yang-Ming

Quick Facts

Associated Organ

Stomach

Acupuncture Points

45 points

Peak Hours

07:00 - 09:00

Flow Direction

Centrifugal (away from torso)

Overview

The Stomach Meridian (Zú Yángmíng Wèi Jīng) is one of the 12 principal meridians in Traditional Chinese Medicine, running along the front of the body from the face down to the second toe. As a Yang Ming (Bright Yang) channel paired with the Spleen Meridian, it is considered the most abundant in Qi and Blood among all meridians. The Stomach is known as the "Sea of Water and Grain" and serves as the body's primary digestive engine, responsible for receiving and breaking down food to produce the vital energy that nourishes all organs. With 45 acupuncture points on each side of the body, it is the meridian with the most extensive branching network, connecting the face, throat, chest, abdomen, and legs. Peak activity occurs between 7-9 AM, making this the ideal time for breakfast. Imbalances may manifest as digestive issues, frontal headaches, facial problems, knee pain, or excessive worry.

24-Hour Qi Circulation Cycle

Previous in cycle

Large Intestine Meridian

Current Channel

Stomach Meridian

07:00 - 09:00

Peak Activity Hours

Next in cycle

Spleen Meridian

Channel Pathways

The Stomach Meridian consists of multiple channel systems, each with its own pathway and clinical significance.

Pathway Description

The internal pathway: 

  • The Stomach Primary Channel originates at Yingxiang LI-20 at the lateral side of the nose. It is also the Yang axes connection of the first great circuit of Hand and Foot Yang-Ming. 
  • It then runs to Jingming BL-1 at the inner eye canthus, where it crosses the Bladder Channel. 
  • Descending laterally along the infraorbital ridge, it reaches Chengqi ST-1, where the Channel emerges externally under the eyes. 

The external pathway: 

  • The Channel descends along the nose, passes Sibai ST-2 to Dicang ST-4, enters the upper gum and meets Governing Vessel at Renzhong DU-26, above the midpoint of the philtrum. 
  • It then curves around the lips and intersects Directing Vessel at Chenjiang REN-24 in the center of the mentolabial groove. 
  • After crossing the lower cheek laterally, it reaches Daying ST-5 at the angle of the mandible. 
  • Continuing descending the neck along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, it arrives at Quepen ST-12 of the supraclavicular fossa. 
  • From ST-12, it continues descending, passes the nipples along the mamillary line, which is 4 cun lateral to the midline, until Rugen ST-18, which is 1 intercostal space below nipple. 
  • From ST-18, the Channel gets closer to the midline (2 cun), continues going downwards and bypasses umbilics to Qichong ST-30 in the inguinal region.  
  • From there, it curves and runs down further to Biguan ST-31 on the antero-lateral aspect of the thigh. 
  • It continues descending along the lateral margin of the femur to the knee and then alongside the lateral margin of the tibia to the dorsum of the feet. 
  • It finally terminates at Lidui ST-45 on the lateral corner of the second toe nail. 

Branches: 

  • One external branch separates from Daying ST-5 in the lower angle of the mandible. It ascends and passes Xiaguan ST-7 in front of the ear. Continuing ascending to Touwei ST-8 of the temporal region, it passes the forehead and finally terminates at Shenting DU-24 of the anterior midline. 
  • From Quepen ST-12 of the supraclavicular fossa, one internal branch crosses the shoulder to Dazhui DU-14, below the 7th cervical vertebra of spinous process (C7). This is also the place the Channel meets the other five Yang Primary Channel. 
  • From Quepen ST-12, another internal branch descends through diaphragm and passes the Stomach and the Spleen (its paired Zang and Fu Organ). Its minor subbranches link to Shangwan REN-13, Zhongwan REN-12 and Xiawan REN-10 of the Directing Vessel. This branch rejoin the main external Channel around Qichong ST-30 in the inguinal region. 
  • From Zusanli ST-36 slightly below the knee, an internal branch separates from the Primary Channel. It runs downwards to the lateral aspect of the middle toe. 
  • Another internal branches starts from Chongyang ST-42 on the dorsum of the foot. It flows to Yinbai SP-1 on the medial aspect of the big toe and forms the Foot Yin-Yang connection of the first great circuit. 

Five Element Correspondences

Traditional associations of the Stomach and its meridian within the Five Element framework.

Emotion

Worry / Overthinking (Pensiveness)

Color

Yellow

Taste

Sweet

Climate

Dampness

Sense Organ

Mouth

Tissue

Muscles (flesh)

Manifests In

Lips

Sound

Singing

Body Fluid

Saliva (thick)

Detailed Information

In-depth information about the Stomach Meridian and its clinical significance.

Overview

The Stomach Meridian, known in Chinese as Zú Yángmíng Wèi Jīng (足阳明胃经), is one of the most important energy pathways in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). As a Yang Ming meridian, it carries abundant Qi (vital energy) and Blood, making it essential for treating a wide range of conditions. The Stomach is classically referred to as the "Sea of Water and Grain" (水谷之海) and serves as the body's "granary official," responsible for receiving food, initiating digestion, and extracting nourishment to fuel all other organs.

Pathway and Trajectory

The Stomach Meridian has an extensive pathway with multiple branches, making it the most complex of the 12 principal meridians:

  • Primary pathway: Begins at the side of the nose (at Yingxiang LI-20), ascends to the eye region (Chengqi ST-1), descends through the face along the jaw, passes in front of the ear, follows the hairline to the forehead
  • Facial branch: From the jaw, descends to the throat (Renying ST-9), enters the supraclavicular fossa, passes through the diaphragm, connects with the Stomach organ, and links with the Spleen
  • Trunk pathway: From the clavicle, descends along the nipple line on the chest (4 cun lateral to midline), then along the abdomen (2 cun from midline), to the groin
  • Leg pathway: Continues down the front of the thigh, passes the lateral aspect of the knee, descends along the anterior lower leg, crosses the ankle, and terminates at the lateral tip of the second toe (Lidui ST-45)
  • Connecting branches: One branch from Zusanli ST-36 goes to the third toe; another from the foot dorsum connects to the big toe to link with the Spleen Meridian

Key Acupuncture Points

The Stomach Meridian contains 45 points on each side (90 total), including several clinically significant points:

  • ST-36 (Zusanli): The most famous point on this meridian, known as "Leg Three Miles." It boosts energy, strengthens digestion, regulates immune function, and is used for nearly all digestive complaints. Traditional texts say regular moxibustion here promotes longevity.
  • ST-25 (Tianshu): The Front-Mu point of the Large Intestine, located 2 cun lateral to the navel. Regulates intestinal function for both constipation and diarrhea.
  • ST-40 (Fenglong): The Luo-Connecting point, famous as the primary point for resolving phlegm anywhere in the body.
  • ST-34 (Liangqiu): The Xi-Cleft point, used for acute stomach pain and inflammation.
  • ST-44 (Neiting): The Ying-Spring point, clears Stomach heat and treats toothache, facial swelling, and digestive disorders.

Organ Functions

The Stomach's primary functions include:

  • Receiving and ripening: Takes in food and begins the "rotting and ripening" process of digestion
  • Descending Qi: The Stomach Qi must descend to move food downward; when it rebels upward, symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and hiccups occur
  • Extracting nutrients: Works with the Spleen to extract pure essence from food to create Qi and Blood
  • Moistening: Prefers dampness and requires adequate fluids for proper function

Clinical Applications

The Stomach Meridian treats conditions along its pathway and related to its organ functions:

  • Digestive disorders: gastritis, ulcers, nausea, vomiting, bloating, acid reflux, appetite issues
  • Facial conditions: Bell's palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, toothache, sinus congestion, eye problems
  • Musculoskeletal pain: frontal headaches, jaw tension, knee pain, anterior leg pain
  • Mental-emotional issues: excessive worry, overthinking, mental fogginess, anxiety related to food

Relationships and Pairings

The Stomach Meridian forms a Yin-Yang pair with the Spleen Meridian—the Stomach (Yang) receives and descends, while the Spleen (Yin) transforms and ascends. Both belong to the Earth element. The Stomach receives Qi from the Large Intestine Meridian and passes it to the Spleen Meridian in the daily energy circulation cycle.

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