Ephedra (Ma Huang) Prepared aconite (Zhi Fu Zi) Wild ginger (Xi Xin)

Chinese: 麻黄细辛附子汤

Pinyin: Má Huáng Xì Xīn Fù Zǐ Tāng

Other names: Ephedra, Asarum, and Aconite Accessory Root Decoction

Number of ingredients: 3 herbs

Formula category: Formulas that clear Exterior disorders with Interior deficiency

Conditions for which it may be prescribed: MeaslesMigraineSciatica and thirteen other conditions

  1. Tonifes the Yang
  2. Releases the Exterior

Contraindications: This formula should be used safely to release the Exterior only in cases where... This formula should be used safely to release the Exterior only in cases where the underlying Yang Deficiency is mild.  When the Deficiency is severe, this formula should be avoided because it can seriously damage the Yang. see more

Source date: 220 AD

Source book: Discussion of Cold Damage

Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang is a 3-ingredient Chinese Medicine formula with Ephedra (Ma Huang) as a principal ingredient.

Invented in 220 AD, it belongs to the category of formulas that clear Exterior disorders with Interior deficiency. Its main actions are: 1) tonifes the Yang and 2) releases the Exterior.

In Chinese Medicine health conditions are thought to arise due to "disharmonies" in the body as a system. These disharmonies are called "patterns" and the very purpose of herbal formulas is to fight them in order to restore the body's harmony.

In this case Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang is used by TCM practitioners to fight patterns like Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency. From a Western Medicine standpoint, such patterns can give rise to a range of conditions such as common cold, bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis for instance.

On this page, after a detailed description of each of the three ingredients in Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang, we review the patterns and conditions that Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang helps treat.

The three ingredients in Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang

Ma Huang is a king ingredient in Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang. Like the name indicates, it means it has more power than other ingredients in the formula.

1. Ephedra (Ma Huang)

Part used: Dried herbaceous stems

Nature: Warm

Taste(s): BitterPungent

Meridian affinity: BladderLung

Category: Warm/Acrid herbs that release the Exterior

Ma Huang is warm and acrid. It promotes sweating, releases the Exterior, and disperses the Cold. Ephedra and Prepared aconite is a good pair in this formula. Ephedra opens the skin pores to expels pathogen, while Prepared aconite boosts the Interior Yang Qi to push the pathogen.

Learn more about Ephedra (Ma Huang)

Zhi Fu Zi is a deputy ingredient in Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang. This means it helps the king ingredient(s) treat the main pattern or it serves to treat a coexisting pattern.

2. Prepared Aconite (Zhi Fu Zi)

Part used: Processed daughter root

Nature: Hot

Taste(s): PungentSweet

Meridian affinity: HeartKidneySpleen

Category: Herbs that warm the Interior and/or expel Cold

Zhi Fu Zi acrid and warm. It warms the Kidneys and also boosts the Yang. Ephedra and Prepared aconite is a good pair in this formula. Ephedra opens the skin pores to expels pathogen, while Prepared aconite boosts the Interior Yang Qi to push the pathogen.

Learn more about Prepared Aconite (Zhi Fu Zi)

Xi Xin is an assistant ingredient in Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang. This means that it either serves to reinforces the effect of other ingredients or it moderates their toxicity.

3. Wild Ginger (Xi Xin)

Part used: Dried root and rhizome

Nature: Warm

Taste(s): Pungent

Meridian affinity: HeartKidneyLung

Category: Warm/Acrid herbs that release the Exterior

Xi Xin assists the key Herb in releasing the Exterior and the Deputy Herb in dispersing the Interior-Cold. It also acts as an envoy by entering the Lesser Yin Kidney Channel, where it aids in focusing the formula's actions on the Lesser Yin-Warp Symptoms.

Learn more about Wild Ginger (Xi Xin)

Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang is used to treat Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency

It's important to remember that herbal formulas are meant to treat patterns, not "diseases" as understood in Western Medicine. According to Chinese Medicine patterns, which are disruptions to the body as a system, are the underlying root cause for diseases and conditions.

As such Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang is mostly used to treat the pattern "Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency" which we describe below.

But before we delve into Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency here is an overview of the Western conditions it is commonly associated with:

Common cold Bronchial asthma Allergic rhinitis Chronic bronchitis Pertussis Measles Pneumonia Viral pneumonia Trigeminal neuralgia Migraine Sciatica Renal colic Sick sinus syndrome Erectile dysfunction Myasthenia gravis Chronic fatigue syndrome

Again it wouldn't be correct to say "Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang treats common cold" for instance. Rather, Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang is used to treat Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency, which is sometimes the root cause behind common cold.

Now let's look at Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency, a pattern that TCM practitioners commonly treat with Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang.

'Deficient' as a body pattern in Chinese Medicine is one of the so-called "Eight Principles". Learn more about Deficiency / Empty in Chinese Medicine

Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency

Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang is sometimes prescribed by TCM practitioners to treat Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency. This pattern leads to symptoms such as slight fever, severe chills, exhaustion and desire to sleep. Patients with Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency typically exhibit deep (Chen) or weak (Ruo) pulses as well as A pale and puffy tongue.

This pattern is characterized by the invasion of external Wind-Cold in a person who already has an underlying Yang Deficiency. Yang in TCM is the body's warming and active principle. When Yang is Deficient, the body struggles to maintain warmth and adequate metabolic activity.

Patients with this... read more about Wind-Cold invading with Yang Deficiency

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