Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Jade Red Ointment for Generating Flesh · 生肌玉紅膏

Also known as: 玉红膏 (Yù Hóng Gāo), 润肌膏 (Rùn Jī Gāo), 消炎生肌膏 (Xiāo Yán Shēng Jī Gāo)

A classical external ointment used for wound healing. It helps remove dead tissue, reduce swelling, relieve pain, and promote the growth of new flesh in chronic, non-healing sores, ulcers, abscesses, and wounds that have ruptured and are draining pus. It is applied directly to the wound surface and is not taken internally.

Origin Wài Kē Zhèng Zōng (外科正宗, True Lineage of External Medicine), Volume 1, by Chén Shígōng (陈实功) — Míng dynasty, 1617 CE
Composition 7 herbs
Dang Gui
King
Dang Gui
Xue Jie
Deputy
Xue Jie
Bai Zhi
Assistant
Bai Zhi
Zi Cao
Assistant
Zi Cao
Gan Cao
Assistant
Gan Cao
Qing Fen
Assistant
Qing Fen
Feng La
Envoy
Feng La
Explore composition

Educational content Consult qualified TCM practitioners for diagnosis and treatment

Patterns Addressed

In TCM, symptoms don't appear randomly — they cluster into recognizable patterns of disharmony that reveal what's out of balance in the body. Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao is designed to correct these specific patterns.

Why Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao addresses this pattern

When sores and ulcers have already ruptured, the original Heat-toxin that caused the abscess lingers alongside local Blood stasis from tissue damage. The dead tissue (putrid flesh) prevents wound closure and creates a favorable environment for further infection. Dang Gui and Xue Jie powerfully invigorate Blood and break up stasis, Zi Cao and Gan Cao clear residual Heat-toxin, Qing Fen removes necrotic tissue, and Bai Zhi expels pus and dries Dampness. Together, these actions clear the wound of pathogenic debris and stagnation while promoting the generation of healthy new tissue.

A practitioner would look for one or more of these signs

Ulcer

Chronic non-healing skin ulcers with visible necrotic tissue

Periappendiceal Abscess

Ruptured abscess still draining pus and failing to close

Skin Infection

Wound with redness, swelling, and purulent discharge

Wound Pain

Pain at the wound site due to stagnation and toxin accumulation

Commonly Prescribed For

These conditions can arise from the patterns above. A practitioner would consider Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao when these conditions are specifically caused by those patterns — not for all cases of these conditions.

Arises from: Toxic Heat with Blood Stasis Blood Deficiency

TCM Interpretation

TCM understands diabetic foot ulcers as arising from a complex interaction of factors. The underlying diabetes (often categorized under Xiao Ke, 消渴, or 'wasting-thirst') depletes Yin and Qi over time, leading to Blood stasis in the extremities and impaired local circulation. When the feet are injured, the combination of depleted Qi and Blood (unable to nourish and regenerate tissue), accumulated Heat-toxin (local infection and inflammation), and Blood stasis (poor microcirculation) creates wounds that resist healing. The necrotic tissue represents 'putrid flesh' that further blocks recovery. Chen Shigong himself recognized the connection between Xiao Ke and foot gangrene over 400 years ago.

Why Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao Helps

Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao directly addresses the local wound environment in diabetic foot ulcers. Dang Gui and Xue Jie improve local Blood circulation and stimulate granulation tissue growth, counteracting the microvascular compromise characteristic of diabetic feet. Qing Fen helps remove necrotic tissue, which is critical since debridement is a cornerstone of diabetic foot management. Zi Cao and Gan Cao clear Heat-toxin, helping control local infection. Modern clinical research has shown this formula shortens wound healing time, promotes new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), and improves the local oxidative stress environment in diabetic foot ulcers. Chinese integrative medicine guidelines recommend it for diabetic foot patients with a pattern of Damp-Heat toxin accumulation.

Also commonly used for

Skin Burns

Burns and scalds (after initial acute phase)

Periappendiceal Abscess

Ruptured abscesses and boils failing to heal

Skin Infection

Infected surgical or traumatic wounds

Eczema

Chronic eczema with skin breakdown

Thromboangiitis Obliterans

Buerger's disease with tissue ulceration

What This Formula Does

Every TCM formula has a specific set of actions — here's what Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao does in the body, explained in both everyday and TCM terms

Therapeutic focus

In practical terms, Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao is primarily used to support these areas of health:

TCM Actions

In TCM terminology, these are the specific therapeutic actions that Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao performs to restore balance in the body:

How It Addresses the Root Cause

TCM doesn't just suppress symptoms — it aims to resolve the underlying imbalance. Here's how Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao works at the root level.

When a sore, abscess, or boil (known in TCM as chuāng yáng, 疮疡) ruptures and begins draining pus, the body enters a critical healing phase. In TCM understanding, the rupture has released the accumulated toxic Heat and stagnant Blood that initially caused the swelling. However, what remains is a wound bed containing dead, rotting tissue ("corrupt flesh," 腐肉) alongside deficient local Blood circulation. The toxic residue left behind continues to obstruct the channels locally, preventing fresh Qi and Blood from reaching the wound site. Without adequate Blood nourishment, new tissue ("fresh flesh," 新肉) cannot grow, and the wound fails to close.

The fundamental problem is twofold: lingering toxin and Blood stasis prevent healing from below, while the damaged flesh on the surface lacks the nourishment to regenerate. This is why the classical text specifically instructs concurrent internal use of Spleen- and Stomach-tonifying medicines: the Spleen is the source of Qi and Blood production, and robust Spleen function ensures the body has the raw material to rebuild tissue. The topical ointment addresses the local wound environment directly, removing the corrupt flesh that blocks healing, clearing residual toxic Heat, and invigorating Blood flow to the wound. Once the necrotic obstruction is cleared and fresh Blood can reach the area, new tissue naturally grows and the wound closes.

Formula Properties

Every formula has an inherent temperature, taste, and affinity for specific organs — these properties determine how it interacts with the body

Overall Temperature

Slightly Warm

Taste Profile

Predominantly sweet and pungent with mild bitter notes. The sweet quality (from Dang Gui, Gan Cao, and sesame oil) nourishes and harmonizes, the pungent quality (from Bai Zhi and Xue Jie) moves Blood and disperses stagnation, and the mild bitterness (from Zi Cao) clears residual Heat.

Channels Entered

Ingredients

7 herbs

The herbs that make up Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao, organized by their role in the prescription

King — Main ingredient driving the formula
Deputy — Assists and enhances the King
Assistant — Supports or moderates other herbs
Envoy — Directs the formula to its target
King — Main ingredient driving the formula
Dang Gui

Dang Gui

Dong quai

Dosage 60g
Temperature Warm
Taste Pungent, Sweet
Organ Affinity Heart, Liver, Spleen
Preparation Soaked in sesame oil for 3 days before simmering

Role in Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

The principal herb in the formula, used in the largest dose. Dang Gui nourishes and invigorates Blood, reduces swelling, generates flesh, and relieves pain. By promoting blood circulation to the wound site, it creates the conditions necessary for new tissue growth and repair.
Deputy — Assists and enhances the King
Xue Jie

Xue Jie

Dragon's blood

Dosage 12g
Temperature Neutral
Taste Salty, Sweet
Organ Affinity Heart, Liver
Preparation Ground to fine powder; dissolved into the heated oil after straining herbs

Role in Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Strongly invigorates Blood, dispels stasis, alleviates pain, and promotes tissue regeneration. It powerfully assists Dang Gui in breaking up stagnant Blood around the wound and accelerating the growth of new flesh. Classically regarded as the 'holy medicine for activating Blood.'
Assistants — Supports or moderates other herbs
Bai Zhi

Bai Zhi

Angelica roots

Dosage 15g
Temperature Warm
Taste Pungent
Organ Affinity Spleen, Stomach, Lungs
Preparation Soaked in sesame oil for 3 days before simmering

Role in Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Expels Wind, dries Dampness, reduces swelling, expels pus, and alleviates pain. It helps disperse lingering pathogens from the wound, reduces local swelling, and supports the draining of pus from the ulcerated area.
Zi Cao

Zi Cao

Lithospermum roots

Dosage 6g
Temperature Cold
Taste Bitter, Sweet
Organ Affinity Heart, Liver, Pericardium
Preparation Soaked in sesame oil for 3 days before simmering; heat-sensitive active compounds degrade above 150°C, so gentle extraction is important

Role in Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Clears Heat, cools the Blood, resolves toxins, and promotes tissue regeneration. It addresses residual Heat and toxicity in the wound, prevents infection, and gives the ointment its characteristic deep reddish-purple color.
Gan Cao

Gan Cao

Liquorice

Dosage 36g
Temperature Neutral
Taste Sweet
Organ Affinity Heart, Lungs, Spleen, Stomach
Preparation Soaked in sesame oil for 3 days before simmering

Role in Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Clears Heat, resolves toxins, and moderates the properties of the other ingredients. Applied topically, it helps reduce inflammation and swelling. It also contributes to a soothing, protective base for the wound.
Qing Fen

Qing Fen

Calomelas

Dosage 12g
Temperature Cold
Taste Pungent
Organ Affinity Urinary Bladder, Kidneys, Liver
Preparation Ground to an extremely fine powder; stirred into the ointment only after it has partially cooled (not while hot)

Role in Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Resolves toxins, kills parasites, dries Dampness, and promotes the sloughing of necrotic tissue. It is the primary ingredient responsible for the formula's 'removing the putrid' (祛腐) action, helping clear away dead tissue so healthy flesh can grow. Note: this ingredient contains mercury and is used only in external application under professional guidance.
Envoy — Directs the formula to its target
Feng La

Feng La

Beeswax

Dosage 60g
Temperature Warm
Taste Sweet
Organ Affinity Spleen
Preparation Added to the strained medicated oil and melted over gentle heat

Role in Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Serves as the solidifying base (excipient) for the ointment, giving it the proper consistency for topical application. Beeswax also has mild toxin-resolving, wound-protecting, and tissue-regenerating properties. It seals and protects the wound surface, keeping the medicinal ingredients in contact with the tissue.

Why This Combination Works

How the herbs in Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao complement each other

Overall strategy

This ointment targets chronic, non-healing wounds where dead tissue prevents new flesh from growing and residual Heat-toxin and Blood stasis block healing. The formula simultaneously removes putrid tissue (祛腐), invigorates Blood flow to the wound, clears toxins, and nourishes the generation of new flesh (生肌), addressing all the major obstacles to wound closure in a single topical application.

King herbs

Dang Gui (当归) serves as the King at the highest dose (60g). Its primary role is to nourish and invigorate Blood at the wound site. Chronic ulcers invariably involve local Blood stasis, and without fresh Blood circulation, new tissue cannot form. Dang Gui both moves stagnant Blood and supplies nourishment for tissue regeneration, directly addressing the core mechanism of non-healing wounds.

Deputy herbs

Xue Jie (血竭, Dragon's Blood) powerfully reinforces Dang Gui's Blood-invigorating action while adding strong pain relief and tissue-regenerating properties. Where Dang Gui nourishes and gently moves Blood, Xue Jie more aggressively breaks up stasis and stimulates flesh growth. The pairing of these two creates a strong dual action of moving old Blood out and generating new tissue.

Assistant herbs

Qing Fen (轻粉, Calomel) is a restraining assistant with a unique role: it is the formula's principal agent for removing necrotic tissue and drying pathological Dampness from the wound. Without clearing away the putrid flesh, regeneration cannot proceed. Bai Zhi (白芷) reinforces from a different angle by expelling Wind, drying Dampness, reducing swelling, and drawing out pus, helping to clear the wound environment. Zi Cao (紫草) is a cooling assistant that clears residual Heat-toxin and cools the Blood, counteracting any tendency toward excessive inflammation or infection. Gan Cao (甘草) harmonizes the formula, clears Heat-toxin, and provides a soothing anti-inflammatory effect.

Envoy herbs

Feng La (蜂蜡, Beeswax) and Ma You (麻油, Sesame Oil) together form the vehicle that carries all the medicinal ingredients to the wound and holds them there. The oil extracts and preserves the fat-soluble active compounds, while the wax solidifies the preparation into an ointment of workable consistency. Beeswax also provides a mild protective, moisture-retaining barrier over the wound.

Notable synergies

Dang Gui paired with Xue Jie creates the core Blood-invigorating and flesh-generating combination. Zi Cao paired with Dang Gui in sesame oil forms the basis of the famous Zi Yun Gao (紫云膏) tradition, combining Blood-nourishing with Heat-clearing in a wound-healing context. Qing Fen's tissue-sloughing action is balanced by the regenerative actions of the other herbs, creating the complete 'remove the old, grow the new' therapeutic cycle.

How to Prepare

Traditional preparation instructions for Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Oil infusion and ointment preparation (classical method from the Wài Kē Zhèng Zōng):

  1. Place Dang Gui, Bai Zhi, Gan Cao, and Zi Cao into approximately 500g of sesame oil (Ma You, 麻油). Allow the herbs to soak in the cold oil for 3 days.
  2. Gently heat the oil on a low flame and simmer until the herbs become slightly browned and crisp. Strain the oil through fine silk or cloth to remove all herb residue.
  3. Return the strained medicated oil to the heat. When hot, add the powdered Xue Jie (Dragon's Blood) and stir until fully dissolved.
  4. Next, add the beeswax (Feng La) and continue to heat gently until the wax is fully melted and incorporated.
  5. Divide the mixture into small containers (traditionally porcelain cups). Allow the ointment to cool slightly but not solidify completely.
  6. While still warm and soft, stir in the very finely ground Qing Fen (Calomel), distributing it evenly throughout the ointment. Do not add it while the mixture is boiling hot.
  7. Allow to cool and solidify completely. Store in sealed containers.

Application method: First wash the wound with a warm Gan Cao (licorice) decoction. For severe cases, the classical text recommends washing with a decoction of pig's trotter. Gently dry the wound with soft cloth. Take a small amount of ointment onto the palm, warm it until soft, and spread it evenly over the wound surface. Cover with Tai Yi Gao (太乙膏) or clean gauze. For large wounds, wash and reapply twice daily (morning and evening).

Common Modifications

How practitioners adapt Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao for specific situations

Added
Bing Pian

Bing Pian (冰片) 1-3g, added after cooling to replace Qing Fen's antiseptic and tissue-penetrating functions without mercury toxicity

Removed
Qing Fen

Removed due to mercury content; modern safety concerns

Qing Fen (Calomel) contains mercurous chloride, which raises safety concerns for prolonged or extensive use. Many modern practitioners substitute Bing Pian, which provides anti-inflammatory, mild antiseptic, and tissue-penetrating actions without mercury exposure.

Educational content — always consult a qualified healthcare provider or TCM practitioner before using any herbal formula.

Contraindications

Situations where Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao should not be used or requires extra caution

Avoid

Fresh, newly formed abscesses that have not yet ulcerated (pre-suppuration stage). This ointment is designed for already-ruptured sores with exposed necrotic tissue, not for intact swellings that still need to be resolved or drawn to a head.

Avoid

Internal use (oral ingestion). This is strictly a topical external preparation. The classical formula contains Qing Fen (Calomel/mercurous chloride), which is toxic if swallowed.

Caution

Yin-type sores (阴疮) that are pale, cold, and flat without redness or heat, and show no signs of active infection or pus formation. These cold, deficient-type lesions require warming and tonifying approaches, not the clearing and toxin-resolving actions of this formula.

Caution

Known mercury sensitivity or mercury toxicity concerns. The traditional formula includes Qing Fen (Calomel), a mercury compound. Prolonged or widespread application can lead to mercury absorption. Modern modifications often substitute Bing Pian (Borneol) to avoid this risk.

Caution

Application over very large surface areas or deeply eroded wounds where systemic absorption of Qing Fen could be significant. Use with caution and limit duration of application when treating extensive wound beds.

Caution

Patients with known allergies to any of the formula's herbal ingredients, particularly Zi Cao (Lithospermum) or Bai Zhi (Angelica dahurica).

Special Populations

Important considerations for pregnancy, breastfeeding, and pediatric use

Pregnancy

Use with significant caution during pregnancy. The classical formula contains Qing Fen (Calomel/mercurous chloride), a mercury-based mineral substance that poses toxicity risks through systemic absorption, which could potentially harm the developing fetus. Xue Jie (Dragon's Blood resin) and Dang Gui (Angelica sinensis) both have Blood-activating properties. While the formula is applied topically rather than taken internally, mercury compounds can be absorbed through damaged skin (which is exactly the intended site of application). Pregnant women should avoid the traditional formulation containing Qing Fen. Modern reformulations that substitute Bing Pian (Borneol) for Qing Fen are considerably safer but should still only be used under practitioner supervision during pregnancy.

Breastfeeding

Use with caution during breastfeeding. The primary concern is the Qing Fen (Calomel/mercurous chloride) in the classical formula. Mercury compounds absorbed through the skin can potentially enter breast milk. If this formula must be used by a breastfeeding mother, choose a modern reformulation that has replaced Qing Fen with Bing Pian (Borneol) or another non-toxic substitute. Even with modified versions, avoid applying the ointment near the breast or chest area where an infant might come into direct oral contact with the ointment. All ingredients are used topically, so systemic transfer to breast milk is generally limited, but caution is warranted given the damaged skin through which absorption occurs.

Children

As a topical ointment, Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao may be used in children for appropriate wound care under practitioner supervision, but with important precautions. The classical formula containing Qing Fen (Calomel) should be avoided entirely in infants and young children due to their higher susceptibility to mercury toxicity and greater skin-to-body-weight ratio, which increases the risk of systemic absorption. Modern reformulations without Qing Fen are preferred for pediatric use. Apply to small, well-defined wound areas only. Do not use on large surface areas in children. Keep the treated area covered to prevent the child from touching or ingesting the ointment. Not suitable for neonates or infants under 1 year without specific medical direction.

Drug Interactions

If you are taking pharmaceutical medications, be aware of these potential interactions with Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Qing Fen (Calomel/mercurous chloride): The mercury content in the classical formulation raises the most significant interaction concern. Mercury compounds can interact with a wide range of pharmaceuticals. Patients taking any medications that are also metabolized through or affect the kidneys should use extreme caution, as mercury can accumulate and cause renal damage. Concurrent use with other mercury-containing products (some antiseptics, dental amalgams under active work) should be avoided to prevent cumulative mercury burden.

Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs: Dang Gui (Angelica sinensis) and Xue Jie (Dragon's Blood) both have Blood-activating properties. While absorption from topical application is limited, applying the ointment to large open wounds in patients taking warfarin, heparin, aspirin, or clopidogrel could theoretically increase local bleeding tendency at the wound site. Monitor for increased wound bleeding.

Topical medications: Avoid simultaneous application of other topical medications (antibiotics, corticosteroid creams, silver sulfadiazine) directly over the same wound area without practitioner guidance, as interactions between the oily ointment base and other topical preparations may alter absorption or efficacy of either product.

Usage Guidance

Practical advice for getting the most out of Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

Best time to take

Apply after gently cleansing the wound with warm water or a mild herbal wash (classically, a licorice decoction); for large wounds, apply twice daily (morning and evening).

Typical duration

Applied topically 1-2 times daily until the wound shows healthy granulation tissue growth and begins closing; typically used for 1-4 weeks depending on wound severity, with reassessment every few days.

Dietary advice

Since this is a topical ointment, dietary restrictions are less critical than for internal formulas. However, the classical text specifically instructs that patients with large sores should concurrently take Spleen- and Stomach-strengthening warm medicines internally. To support wound healing from the inside, favor warm, easily digestible, protein-rich foods such as bone broths, well-cooked meats, eggs, and congee. Avoid cold and raw foods, greasy or fried foods, and alcohol, which can impair Spleen function and slow the production of Qi and Blood needed for tissue repair. Avoid spicy, pungent foods that may aggravate residual Heat in the wound. Chen Shigong emphasized that the Spleen and Stomach are central to wound healing outcomes, so maintaining good digestive function through gentle, nourishing foods is essential.

Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao originates from Wài Kē Zhèng Zōng (外科正宗, True Lineage of External Medicine), Volume 1, by Chén Shígōng (陈实功) Míng dynasty, 1617 CE

Classical Texts

Key passages from the classical Chinese medical texts that first described Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao and its clinical use

《外科正宗》(Wài Kē Zhèng Zōng) by Chen Shigong:

「活血祛腐,解毒生肌。治痈疽、发背等疮,溃烂流脓,以及疔疮、疔根脱出需长肉收口者。」

Translation: "Activates Blood and removes necrotic tissue, resolves toxins and promotes tissue regeneration. Treats abscesses (yōng jū), back-of-body sores (fā bèi), and similar lesions that have ulcerated and are draining pus, as well as boils (dīng chuāng) where the core has been expelled and new flesh must grow to close the wound."


《外科正宗》application instructions:

「用时先用甘草煎汤……温洗患处,软绢挹净,挑膏于掌中,捺化,遍搽新腐肉上,外以太乙膏盖之。大疮早晚洗换二次,兼服大补脾胃暖药。」

Translation: "When applying, first wash the affected area with a warm Gan Cao (licorice) decoction. In severe cases, use a decoction made from pig's trotters. Gently pat dry with a soft cloth. Scoop the ointment onto the palm, press it until it softens, then spread it evenly over the fresh necrotic flesh. Cover with Tai Yi Gao (Great Unity Plaster) on the outside. For large sores, wash and reapply twice daily, morning and evening, while also taking internally strong Spleen- and Stomach-tonifying warming medicines."


《外科正宗》 description of the formula's status:

「乃外科收敛药中之神药。」

Translation: "This is the divine remedy among external medicine's wound-closing formulas."

Historical Context

How Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao evolved over the centuries — its origins, lineage, and place in the broader tradition of Chinese medicine

Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao ("Engender Flesh Jade-Red Ointment") was recorded by Chen Shigong (陈实功, 1555-1636), one of the most celebrated surgeons in Chinese medical history, in his masterwork Wai Ke Zheng Zong (《外科正宗》, "Orthodox Manual of External Medicine"), published in 1617 during the Ming Dynasty. Chen practiced surgery for over forty years in Nantong (Jiangsu Province) and was the leading figure of the "Orthodox School" (zhèng zōng pài) of Chinese external medicine. The Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu Ti Yao praised his book as having "the most detailed case descriptions and the most refined treatments" (列证最详,论治最精).

The ointment was also called Run Ji Gao (润肌膏, "Moisten Flesh Ointment") in some editions. It later became enormously influential across East Asia. During the Edo period in Japan, the renowned surgeon Hanaoka Seishu (华冈青洲) adapted the formula into what became known as Zi Yun Gao (紫云膏, "Purple Cloud Ointment"), a simplified version retaining the core ingredients of Zi Cao (Lithospermum), Dang Gui (Angelica), and Ma You (sesame oil) while removing Qing Fen (Calomel) and Xue Jie (Dragon's Blood). Zi Yun Gao remains one of the most widely used topical preparations in Japanese Kampo medicine to this day.

In modern Chinese clinical practice, the formula has been officially approved as a Chinese patent medicine under the name Xiao Yan Sheng Ji Gao (消炎生肌膏, "Anti-inflammatory Tissue-Regenerating Ointment"). Many contemporary practitioners have modified the original recipe by removing Qing Fen (the mercury compound) and substituting Bing Pian (Borneol) to avoid heavy metal toxicity, particularly for use on the face, lips, or large wound surfaces.

Modern Research

3 published studies investigating the pharmacological effects or clinical outcomes of Sheng Ji Yu Hong Gao

1

Systematic review and meta-analysis of externally applied TCM (including Shengji Yuhong Ointment) for diabetic foot ulcers (2023)

Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2023

This meta-analysis included 34 RCTs with 3,758 patients and examined four commonly used topical TCM preparations including Shengji Yuhong Ointment for diabetic foot ulcers. The combined analysis found that externally applied TCM significantly improved total effective rate, healing rate, and shortened healing time compared to basic treatment alone.

Link
2

Network pharmacology and machine learning study identifying glycyrrhizic acid as key active compound in Shengji Yuhong Ointment for wound healing (2025)

Published in PMC (PMC12655387), 2025

This preclinical study used network pharmacology and machine learning to identify glycyrrhizic acid as a key active compound in the ointment. A glycyrrhizic acid hydrogel was tested in a rat full-thickness excisional wound model over 21 days, showing improved healing kinetics and immunomodulatory effects validated through molecular docking and gene expression analysis.

PubMed
3

Prospective multicenter study of Shengji Ointment for diabetic foot ulcers in the elderly (2023)

Zhao et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2023, 14

A prospective study of 180 elderly patients with Wagner grade 3-4 diabetic foot ulcers found that combined treatment with Shengji Ointment and bromelain positively influenced granulation tissue development. A predictive model incorporating treatment method, ulcer location, creatinine, BMI, and hemoglobin was developed to forecast healing outcomes.

PubMed

Research on TCM formulas is growing but still limited by Western clinical trial standards. These studies provide emerging evidence and should be considered alongside practitioner expertise.