Run Ji Gao

Skin-Moistening Ointment · 潤肌膏

Also known as: Zi Yun Gao (紫云膏, Purple Cloud Ointment, Japanese variant name), Skin Moistening Paste

A topical ointment from classical Chinese surgical medicine used to nourish and cool the Blood, moisten dry skin, and promote tissue healing. It is applied externally for conditions such as dry, cracked, or scaly skin on the scalp and body, as well as minor wounds, burns, and eczema.

Origin Wai Ke Zheng Zong (外科正宗, Orthodox Lineage of External Medicine) by Chen Shigong (陈实功) — Ming dynasty, 1617 CE
Composition 4 herbs
Dang Gui
King
Dang Gui
Zi Cao
Deputy
Zi Cao
Ma You
Assistant
Ma You
Feng La
Envoy
Feng La
Explore composition

Educational content Consult qualified TCM practitioners for diagnosis and treatment

Patterns Addressed

In TCM, symptoms don't appear randomly — they cluster into recognizable patterns of disharmony that reveal what's out of balance in the body. Run Ji Gao is designed to correct these specific patterns.

Why Run Ji Gao addresses this pattern

When Blood is insufficient, it cannot adequately nourish the skin, leading to dryness, flaking, cracking, and poor healing. Run Ji Gao directly addresses this by using Dang Gui to nourish Blood and promote circulation to the skin surface, while sesame oil and beeswax provide external moisture and protection. The topical route delivers these Blood-nourishing effects directly where they are needed most.

A practitioner would look for one or more of these signs

Dark Skin

Severely dry, rough, or scaly skin, especially on the scalp

Skin Cracking

Painful cracking and fissuring of the skin

Skin Flaking

Persistent flaking or peeling skin that does not respond to simple moisturizers

Hair Loss

Hair loss associated with dry, scaly scalp conditions

Commonly Prescribed For

These conditions can arise from the patterns above. A practitioner would consider Run Ji Gao when these conditions are specifically caused by those patterns — not for all cases of these conditions.

TCM Interpretation

TCM understands chronic eczema as often rooted in Blood deficiency failing to nourish the skin, frequently complicated by residual Heat or Wind-Heat trapped in the skin layers. When Blood is insufficient, the skin loses its moisture and becomes vulnerable to external pathogenic factors. Over time, this creates a cycle of dryness, itching, scratching, and further damage. The Lung governs the skin, and the Liver stores Blood. When these organ systems are compromised, the skin's protective barrier weakens.

Why Run Ji Gao Helps

Run Ji Gao breaks the cycle of dryness and inflammation through its topical delivery of Blood-nourishing and Heat-clearing ingredients. Dang Gui promotes local blood circulation to nourish and repair the skin barrier, while Zi Cao cools inflammation and has demonstrated antimicrobial properties through its active compound shikonin. The sesame oil base deeply moisturizes cracked skin, and the beeswax creates a protective seal that prevents moisture loss. This makes it particularly suitable for the dry, cracked stage of eczema rather than the acute weeping stage.

Also commonly used for

Atopic Dermatitis

Dry-type atopic dermatitis

Minor Burns

Minor burns and scalds

Frostbite

Mild frostbite with skin damage

Skin Cracking

Chapped hands, feet, or lips

Scalp Dermatitis

Dry scalp conditions with scaling and hair loss

Wound Healing

Slow-healing superficial wounds

Diaper Rash

Mild diaper rash

What This Formula Does

Every TCM formula has a specific set of actions — here's what Run Ji Gao does in the body, explained in both everyday and TCM terms

Therapeutic focus

In practical terms, Run Ji Gao is primarily used to support these areas of health:

TCM Actions

In TCM terminology, these are the specific therapeutic actions that Run Ji Gao performs to restore balance in the body:

How It Addresses the Root Cause

TCM doesn't just suppress symptoms — it aims to resolve the underlying imbalance. Here's how Run Ji Gao works at the root level.

Run Ji Gao addresses skin conditions where Blood fails to nourish the skin surface. In TCM understanding, the skin depends on adequate Blood circulation and moisture to remain supple and intact. When Wind-Cold invades the exterior or when Blood becomes deficient and dry, the skin loses its nourishment. The classical text describes this as "Blood failing to flourish the muscle surface" (血不荣于肌表).

Without proper Blood circulation to the skin, tissue becomes dry, cracked, and painful. The skin surface loses its protective barrier, making it vulnerable to further external pathogenic invasion and slow to heal from wounds. This creates a vicious cycle: damaged skin allows more pathogens in, while poor Blood flow prevents adequate healing. The pain described as "reaching the heart when touched" reflects both the severity of the tissue damage and the underlying Blood stasis in the local area.

By moistening the skin directly through its oily base while simultaneously activating Blood flow and cooling Blood-level Heat, the formula breaks this cycle. It restores local circulation, resolves stasis, and provides a protective, nourishing barrier that allows the body's natural healing process to proceed.

Formula Properties

Every formula has an inherent temperature, taste, and affinity for specific organs — these properties determine how it interacts with the body

Overall Temperature

Slightly Cool

Taste Profile

Predominantly sweet and oily with mild bitter undertones. The sweet, lubricating quality of sesame oil and beeswax moistens and protects the skin, while the mild bitterness of Zi Cao provides cooling and detoxifying action.

Target Organs

Channels Entered

Ingredients

4 herbs

The herbs that make up Run Ji Gao, organized by their role in the prescription

King — Main ingredient driving the formula
Deputy — Assists and enhances the King
Assistant — Supports or moderates other herbs
Envoy — Directs the formula to its target
King — Main ingredient driving the formula
Dang Gui

Dang Gui

Dong quai

Dosage 15g
Temperature Warm
Taste Pungent, Sweet
Organ Affinity Heart, Liver, Spleen
Preparation Infused in sesame oil for 2-3 days before slow-heating

Role in Run Ji Gao

The principal medicinal herb in this formula. Dang Gui nourishes and activates Blood, promoting circulation to the skin surface and supporting the regeneration of damaged tissue. Its warm nature helps to moisten dryness from within.
Deputy — Assists and enhances the King
Zi Cao

Zi Cao

Lithospermum roots

Dosage 3g
Temperature Cold
Taste Bitter, Sweet
Organ Affinity Heart, Liver, Pericardium
Preparation Infused in sesame oil together with Dang Gui

Role in Run Ji Gao

Zi Cao cools the Blood and clears Heat, counterbalancing the warmth of Dang Gui. It resolves toxins from the skin, reduces inflammation, and promotes tissue regeneration. Its cold nature and ability to cool Blood-level Heat make it essential for addressing the Heat component of skin lesions.
Assistant — Supports or moderates other herbs
Ma You

Ma You

Sesame oil

Dosage 120ml
Temperature Cool
Taste Sweet
Organ Affinity Large Intestine

Role in Run Ji Gao

Sesame oil serves as both the extraction medium and a therapeutic ingredient. It moistens and lubricates dry, cracked skin, provides a protective barrier, and acts as a vehicle to deliver the fat-soluble active compounds of Dang Gui and Zi Cao directly to the affected area.
Envoy — Directs the formula to its target
Feng La

Feng La

Beeswax

Dosage 15g
Temperature Warm
Taste Sweet
Organ Affinity Spleen
Preparation Added after straining the oil and melted in while hot

Role in Run Ji Gao

Beeswax gives the formula its ointment consistency, allowing it to adhere to the skin and maintain prolonged contact. It also provides a mild sealing and protective action, locking in moisture and shielding damaged skin from external irritants.

Why This Combination Works

How the herbs in Run Ji Gao complement each other

Overall strategy

Run Ji Gao addresses skin conditions caused by Blood deficiency and dryness, often with underlying Blood-level Heat. The strategy is to nourish Blood, cool Heat, and moisten the skin externally, delivering active compounds directly to the damaged tissue through an oil-based medium.

King herbs

Dang Gui is the King herb, used in the largest medicinal proportion (15g). It nourishes Blood and promotes circulation, directly addressing the root cause of skin dryness: insufficient Blood failing to moisten the skin surface. Its ability to both tonify and move Blood makes it ideal for regenerating damaged tissue.

Deputy herbs

Zi Cao (3g) serves as Deputy, complementing Dang Gui by cooling Blood-level Heat and resolving toxins. While Dang Gui warms and nourishes, Zi Cao clears the Heat and inflammation that often accompany chronic skin conditions. Together, they address both the deficiency (Blood failing to nourish skin) and the excess (Heat and toxins in the Blood).

Assistant herbs

Sesame oil (Ma You) is a reinforcing Assistant. Beyond being the extraction vehicle, it is inherently moistening and nourishing to the skin. It dissolves and carries the fat-soluble active compounds (such as shikonin from Zi Cao) to ensure effective topical delivery.

Envoy herbs

Yellow beeswax (Huang La) acts as the Envoy, directing the formula to remain at its target site. By creating a semi-solid consistency, it ensures the medicinal oil stays on the skin rather than running off, providing sustained contact and a protective barrier.

Notable synergies

The Dang Gui and Zi Cao pairing is the heart of this formula. Dang Gui is warm and nourishing while Zi Cao is cold and clearing, creating a balanced approach that neither overheats nor overcools. When infused together in oil, their fat-soluble active compounds combine to produce a potent skin-healing and moistening effect greater than either herb alone. This same combination later became the basis for the famous Japanese Zi Yun Gao (Purple Cloud Ointment).

How to Prepare

Traditional preparation instructions for Run Ji Gao

Soak the Dang Gui and Zi Cao in the sesame oil for 2 to 3 days in a clean vessel. Then heat the mixture slowly over a gentle flame until the herbs become dark and spent (charred but not burnt). Strain out the herb residue using clean cloth, retaining only the infused oil.

Reheat the strained oil gently, then add the yellow beeswax (Huang La) and stir until it is completely dissolved. Pour the mixture into a clean porcelain bowl or suitable container and allow it to cool and solidify. The resulting ointment should be a smooth, dark reddish-purple paste.

To use: apply a thin layer of the ointment directly to the affected skin area, 2 to 3 times daily. For dry, cracked scalp conditions, gently massage into the affected areas after cleansing.

Common Modifications

How practitioners adapt Run Ji Gao for specific situations

Added
Huang Lian

6g, to strengthen Heat-clearing and toxin-resolving action

Huang Qi

6g, clears Damp-Heat from the skin

Adding Huang Lian and Huang Bai transforms the formula toward the Zi Huang Gao (紫黄膏) variation, significantly enhancing its ability to clear Heat and resolve toxins for more inflamed skin conditions with discharge.

Educational content — always consult a qualified healthcare provider or TCM practitioner before using any herbal formula.

Contraindications

Situations where Run Ji Gao should not be used or requires extra caution

Caution

Open wounds with active heavy bleeding, as the Blood-moving properties of Dang Gui may worsen hemorrhage.

Avoid

Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the formula's ingredients, particularly Zi Cao (Lithospermum root) or sesame oil. Discontinue use if contact dermatitis develops.

Caution

Deep or severely infected wounds requiring systemic treatment. This topical ointment alone is insufficient for serious wound infections.

Caution

Yin-type sores (阴疮) that are pale, sunken, and cold in nature with clear watery discharge. This formula is better suited for conditions with Heat or Blood Dryness.

Special Populations

Important considerations for pregnancy, breastfeeding, and pediatric use

Pregnancy

Generally considered safe for external/topical use during pregnancy, as the formula is applied to the skin surface only and systemic absorption is minimal. Dang Gui (Angelica sinensis), while cautioned during pregnancy when taken internally due to its Blood-moving properties, poses negligible risk in this topical ointment form at the small quantities used. However, avoid application to large open wound areas or extensive body surface coverage to minimize any systemic absorption. Consult a qualified practitioner if there are any concerns.

Breastfeeding

Considered safe during breastfeeding when used topically as directed. Since this is an external ointment applied to the skin, systemic absorption of active compounds is minimal. Avoid applying the ointment directly on or near the nipple or breast area to prevent accidental ingestion by the nursing infant. If used on cracked or fissured skin of the hands, ensure the ointment is not transferred to the infant through handling.

Children

As a topical ointment, Run Ji Gao is generally suitable for use in children. Its ingredients (sesame oil, Dang Gui, Zi Cao, beeswax) are all food-grade and considered low risk. It has been traditionally used for infantile eczema and diaper rash in modified forms. For infants and young children, apply a thin layer to the affected area and monitor for any signs of allergic reaction (redness, swelling, or worsening of symptoms). Avoid application near the eyes, mouth, or mucous membranes. No specific dosage adjustment is needed since this is a topical preparation, but limit application to small areas in very young infants.

Drug Interactions

If you are taking pharmaceutical medications, be aware of these potential interactions with Run Ji Gao

As a topical ointment with minimal systemic absorption, Run Ji Gao has very low potential for drug interactions. However, two theoretical considerations are worth noting:

  • Topical medications: Avoid applying Run Ji Gao simultaneously with other topical preparations (medicated creams, corticosteroid ointments, or antibiotic ointments) on the same skin area, as the oily base may alter the absorption rate of the other medication.
  • Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs: While systemic absorption is minimal, if the ointment is applied to large open wound surfaces, the Blood-activating properties of Dang Gui could theoretically have a minor additive effect with anticoagulant medications such as warfarin or heparin. This is a largely theoretical concern for normal topical use on small areas.

Usage Guidance

Practical advice for getting the most out of Run Ji Gao

Best time to take

Apply after cleansing the affected area, ideally in the morning and before bed. For cracked or fissured skin, warming the ointment slightly before application improves spreadability and absorption.

Typical duration

Apply 1-2 times daily until the skin condition improves, typically 1-4 weeks depending on severity. Reassess if no improvement is seen within 2 weeks.

Dietary advice

Since Run Ji Gao is a topical preparation, dietary restrictions are less critical than with internal formulas. However, to support skin healing from the inside, it is helpful to avoid excessively spicy, greasy, or fried foods, as these can generate internal Heat and Dampness that aggravate skin conditions. Alcohol should also be minimized. Favor foods that nourish the Blood and moisten Dryness, such as black sesame seeds, walnuts, dark leafy greens, carrots, and small amounts of red dates. Adequate hydration supports skin recovery.

Run Ji Gao originates from Wai Ke Zheng Zong (外科正宗, Orthodox Lineage of External Medicine) by Chen Shigong (陈实功) Ming dynasty, 1617 CE

Classical Texts

Key passages from the classical Chinese medical texts that first described Run Ji Gao and its clinical use

From the Wai Ke Zheng Zong (《外科正宗》, Orthodox Manual of External Medicine) by Chen Shigong:

Original formula description: 「麻油四两,当归五钱,紫草一钱同熬,药枯滤清,将油再熬,加黄蜡五钱化尽倾入碗内,顿冷。」

Translation: "Sesame oil four liang, Dang Gui five qian, Zi Cao one qian, simmered together. When the herbs are spent, strain the oil clear. Reheat the oil, add beeswax five qian until fully dissolved, pour into a bowl, and allow to cool."

The text also notes this ointment is classified among the "收敛药" (astringent and gathering medicines), calling it 「乃外科收敛药中之神药」 ("a divine medicine among external surgical astringent preparations").

Historical Context

How Run Ji Gao evolved over the centuries — its origins, lineage, and place in the broader tradition of Chinese medicine

Run Ji Gao (润肌膏, "Skin-Moistening Ointment") originates from the Wai Ke Zheng Zong (《外科正宗》), written by the Ming Dynasty external medicine specialist Chen Shigong (陈实功, c. 1555-1636) and published in 1617. Chen Shigong is regarded as the founder of the "Orthodox School" (正宗派) of Chinese external medicine, and his text was praised in the Si Ku Quan Shu catalogue as having "the most detailed symptoms and the most refined treatments" (列症最详,论治最精).

The formula later traveled to Japan during the Edo period, where the renowned surgeon Hanaoka Seishu (华冈青洲) adapted it into what became known as Zi Yun Gao (紫云膏, "Purple Cloud Ointment"). Hanaoka modified the proportions and used it extensively for surgical wounds and breast abscesses. The Japanese adaptation was eventually included in the Japanese National Pharmacopoeia. A separate version of Run Ji Gao also appears in the Yi Zong Jin Jian (《医宗金鉴》), where it is described as a cosmetic preparation for moistening and refining the skin, highlighting how the formula found applications beyond wound care.

Modern Research

2 published studies investigating the pharmacological effects or clinical outcomes of Run Ji Gao

1

Pharmacological Effects of Shikonin and Its Potential in Skin Repair: A Review (2023)

Hou R, Liu X, Yan J, et al. Molecules. 2023; 28(24): 7950.

This review article summarized research on shikonin, the principal bioactive compound in Zi Cao (Lithospermum root), a key ingredient in Run Ji Gao. Shikonin was found to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing-promoting activities. The review discussed shikonin's effects on psoriasis, dermatitis, and wound healing through mechanisms including JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibition and promotion of Treg cell differentiation.

PubMed
2

Shikonin, a naphthalene ingredient: Therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches (Review, 2022)

Sun Q, Gong T, Liu M, et al. Phytomedicine. 2022; 94: 153805.

A comprehensive review of shikonin's pharmacology, covering its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protective, and antimicrobial effects. The study noted shikonin acts through NF-kB, PI3K/Akt/MAPK, and TGF-beta signaling pathways. It also reported potential nephrotoxicity and skin allergy as toxicological concerns, and noted an unfavorable oral bioavailability of shikonin.

Research on TCM formulas is growing but still limited by Western clinical trial standards. These studies provide emerging evidence and should be considered alongside practitioner expertise.