Principal Meridian Shao Yang GB

Gall Bladder Meridian

足少阳胆经 | Zú Shào Yáng Dǎn Jīng

The Gall Bladder Channel of Foot Shao-Yang

Quick Facts

Associated Organ

Gallbladder

Acupuncture Points

44 points

Peak Hours

23:00 - 01:00

Flow Direction

Centrifugal (away from torso)

Overview

The Gallbladder Meridian (Zú Shào Yáng Dǎn Jīng) is one of the longest channels in the body with 44 acupuncture points. It belongs to the Wood element and is paired with the Liver Meridian in an interior-exterior relationship. Starting at the outer corner of the eye, it zigzags across the head three times before descending along the sides of the body to end at the fourth toe. In TCM, the Gallbladder is known as the 'Honorable Minister' and governs decision-making, courage, and the sinews (tendons and ligaments). Unlike other Fu organs, the Gallbladder is considered a 'curious' or 'extraordinary' organ because it stores a pure substance (bile) rather than impure waste. Its peak activity is from 11pm to 1am, making quality sleep during this time essential for its proper function. The Gallbladder Meridian is frequently used to treat lateral headaches, migraines, hip and leg pain, eye conditions, and emotional issues related to indecision or frustration.

24-Hour Qi Circulation Cycle

Previous in cycle

Triple Burner Meridian

Current Channel

Gall Bladder Meridian

23:00 - 01:00

Peak Activity Hours

Next in cycle

Liver Meridian

Channel Pathways

The Gall Bladder Meridian consists of multiple channel systems, each with its own pathway and clinical significance.

Pathway Description

The external pathway: 

  • The Gall Bladder Primary Channel originates at Tongziliao GB-1 at the outer canthus of the eye. It connects to Sizhukong TB-23 of the Triple Burner Channel through a small branch and they forms the Hand-Foot pairing of the third great circuit.
  • From GB-1, the external pathway flows to Tinghui GB-2 in front of the ear and then ascends to Shangguan GB-3 at upper border of the zygomatic arch.
  • After passing Touwei TB-8 at the forehead corner, it descends and passes Hanyan GB-4,  Xuanlu GB-5, Xuanli GB-6 and Qubin GB-7 above the ear. 
  • It then curves posteriorly behind the ear all the way to Wangu GB-12 at the mastoid process below the ear. 
  • From there, the channel travels again all the way to Yangbai GB-14 above the supraorbital region on the forehead corner through the lateral side of the head. 
  • It then ascends and curves along the side of the head again to Fengchi GB-20 below the occiput. 
  • Afterwards, it descends and reaches Jianjing GB-21 on top of the shoulder. 
  • From Jianjing GB-21,  the pathway passes Tianliao TB-15 on the back shoulder and then flows to Dazhui DU-14 below the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra (C7), where it meets the other Yang Primary Channels.
  • It then runs laterally via Dazhu BL-11 as well as Bingfeng SI-12, then goes inside of the shoulder and emerges at Quepen ST-12 at the supraclavicular fossa. 
  • From ST-12, external pathway descends to  the anterior aspect of the axilla and passes Yuanye GB-22, Zhejin GB-23 and Riyue GB-24 along the lateral thoracic wall.
  • It then passes Jingmen GB-25 at the lower border of the free end of the 12th rib. 
  • It continues descending diagonally to Juliao GB-29 around the hip. From there, it traverses the sacral region, passing Bladder Channel (Shangliao BL-31 to Xialiao BL-34) and Governing Vessel (Changqiang DU-1). 
  • It then travels laterally again to Huantiao GB-30 on the buttock. This is also the point the internal branch and external pathway meets. 
  • The external Channel continues going down the lateral aspect of the thigh, knee and lower leg to the anterior aspect of the lateral malleolus. 
  • From there, it crosses the foot dorsum along the depression between the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones.  
  • It terminates at Zuqiaoyin GB-44 at the ulnar corner of the fourth toe nail. 

Branches: 

  • Branch 1:
    • From Fengchi GB-20 below the occiput, one internal branch separates from Primary Channel and enters the ear.
    • It emerge again to the surface at Tinggong SI-19 and passes Xiaguan ST-7 in front of the ear, continuing to Tongziliao GB-1 at the lateral canthus of the eye. Descends to the corner of the jaw next to Daying ST-5, it then ascends to Jingming BL-1 in the infraorbital region, where the branch connects to the Triple Burner Channel. Descending again, it passes Jiache ST-6 on the lower jaw.
    • From ST-6, the branches goes internally again through the neck, joins the main Channel at Quepen ST-12 at the supraclavicular fossa.
  • Branch 2: 
    • From ST-12  of the supraclavicular fossa, the internal channel descends and enters the chest, crossing Pericardium Primary Channel at Tianchi P-1. Penetrating the diaphragm, it then connects to the Liver and the Gall Bladder. Continuing descending along the inside of the ribs, it enters the inguinal region via Qichong ST-30, and encircles the genitals. 
    • The internal branch join the main external pathway again on Huantiao GB-30. 
  • Branch 3:
    • One external branch originates from Zulingqi GB-41 on the foot dorsum. It then runs between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones to Dadun LIV-1 of the medial corner of the big toe nail and connects to the Liver Channel. 

Five Element Correspondences

Traditional associations of the Gallbladder and its meridian within the Five Element framework.

Emotion

Indecision, timidity (counterpart to courage/decisiveness when balanced)

Color

Green/Blue

Taste

Sour

Climate

Wind

Sense Organ

Eyes (shared with Liver)

Tissue

Sinews (tendons, ligaments)

Manifests In

Nails (shared with Liver)

Sound

Shouting

Body Fluid

Tears (shared with Liver)

Detailed Information

In-depth information about the Gall Bladder Meridian and its clinical significance.

Overview

The Gallbladder Meridian, known as the Foot Shaoyang Channel (Zú Shào Yáng Dǎn Jīng, 足少阳胆经), is one of the twelve primary meridians in Traditional Chinese Medicine. With 44 acupuncture points on each side of the body (88 total), it has the most points concentrated on the head of any meridian. It belongs to the Wood element alongside its paired organ, the Liver, with which it shares an interior-exterior relationship.

Pathway and Trajectory

The Gallbladder Meridian follows a unique zigzag pattern across the head before descending the lateral aspect of the body:

  • Primary pathway: Begins at the outer corner of the eye (Tongziliao GB-1), loops up to the forehead within the hairline, descends behind the ear to the corner of the skull, returns to the forehead, then contours back down to the base of the skull at Fengchi (GB-20)
  • Torso pathway: Descends the neck behind the shoulder, connects with the Governing Vessel at Dazhui (GV-14), enters the supraclavicular fossa, descends along the lateral chest and ribcage to the hip
  • Leg pathway: Continues down the outer thigh, passes in front of the lateral malleolus, crosses the dorsum of the foot, and ends at the lateral side of the fourth toe (Zuqiaoyin GB-44)
  • Internal branch: Enters the chest, passes through the diaphragm, connects with the Liver, and belongs to the Gallbladder organ
  • Foot branch: From Zulinqi (GB-41), connects to the big toe at Dadun (LR-1) to link with the Liver Meridian

Key Acupuncture Points

  • GB-1 (Tongziliao): Starting point at outer eye corner - treats eye disorders
  • GB-8 (Shuaigu): Temple area - excellent for migraine and hangover headaches
  • GB-20 (Fengchi): Base of skull - major point for all wind disorders, headaches, neck tension, eye problems
  • GB-21 (Jianjing): Top of shoulder - treats shoulder pain, neck stiffness, difficult labor (contraindicated in pregnancy)
  • GB-24 (Riyue): Front-Mu point of Gallbladder - treats digestive issues, hypochondriac pain
  • GB-25 (Jingmen): Front-Mu point of Kidneys - treats lower back and kidney disorders
  • GB-30 (Huantiao): Hip joint - major point for sciatica and hip pain
  • GB-34 (Yanglingquan): Influential point of sinews (He-Sea point) - treats all tendon and ligament problems throughout the body
  • GB-37 (Guangming): Luo-connecting point - benefits the eyes, treats visual problems
  • GB-39 (Xuanzhong): Influential point of Marrow - treats brain and bone marrow disorders
  • GB-40 (Qiuxu): Yuan-source point - treats ankle sprains, cholecystitis
  • GB-41 (Zulinqi): Shu-stream point, confluent with Dai Mai - treats lateral headaches, menstrual disorders

Functions in TCM

The Gallbladder has several unique characteristics in Chinese medicine:

  • Decision-making and courage: The Gallbladder is called the 'Official of Righteous Judgment' - it governs the capacity to make clear decisions and demonstrate courage. The Chinese word for bravery is dà dǎn (大胆), literally 'big gallbladder'
  • Bile storage and secretion: Stores and releases bile to aid digestion, particularly the breakdown of fats
  • Controls the sinews: Provides Qi to the tendons, ligaments, and muscles, enabling movement and physical strength
  • Curious organ status: The Gallbladder is both a Yang (Fu) organ and an Extraordinary organ because it stores a pure substance (bile) rather than waste

Shaoyang Level

The Gallbladder belongs to the Shaoyang level, representing the 'hinge' or pivot between interior and exterior. This explains why Gallbladder disorders often manifest as alternating symptoms - fever alternating with chills, pain that comes and goes, or being half-sick. The famous herbal formula Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) treats Shaoyang disorders.

Associated Conditions

Common conditions treated through this meridian include:

  • Lateral (temple) headaches and migraines
  • Eye disorders: redness, pain, blurred vision
  • Ear problems: tinnitus, deafness
  • Neck and shoulder tension
  • Hypochondriac (rib-side) pain
  • Hip pain, sciatica
  • Lateral leg and knee pain
  • Gallbladder disease, bitter taste in mouth
  • Indecisiveness, timidity, frustration
  • Insomnia (especially difficulty falling asleep before 1am)

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