Shenshu BL-23 location
BL-23

Shenshu BL-23

Kidney Shu · 肾俞 · Shèn Shū
Bladder Meridian

Safety Warnings

  • Dangerous point - requires extra caution
  • Deep needling contraindicated - shallow insertion only

Needle Depth

0.8–1.2 cun

Needle Angle

90° (Perpendicular), 45° (Oblique)

Body Area

Back — Lower (Lumbar)

Location

1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd lumber vertebra (L2).

Main Actions

  • Tonifies Kidney Yang and nourishes Kidney Yin
  • Nourishes Kidney Essence
  • Benefits bones and Marrow as well as the lower back
  • Regulates the water passages and resolves Dampness in the Lower Burner
  • Strengthens the Uterus and menstruation
  • Benefits the eyes and ears
  • Strengthens Kidney Qi and reception of Lung Qi

Commentary

Shenshu BL-23 is one of the most important point of the body. As the Kidney Back Transporting-Shu point, many of its functions are to treat Kidney disharmony. In fact, it is able to strengthen all aspect of Kidneys: Kidney Yin, Yang, Essence, Qi and its receiving of Lung Qi. 

Firstly, it is a must used point for any chronic Kidney Deficiency. Direct moxibustion should be added on top to tonify Kidney Yang or Qi, but not for Kidney Yin Deficiency cases. The point is also widely used for chronic asthma by stimulating the Kidney function of receiving Lung Qi.

Secondly, it is used for Kidney Essence Deficiency, characterized by symptoms such as impotence, nocturnal emissions, infertility, spermatorrhoea and lack of sexual desire. The Essence is stored in the Kidneys and is the foundation for life and the Mind. If the Essence is weak, the patients suffers from general weakness and exhaustion physically. They tend to be depressed, negative, lack of imitative, will-power and excusal desire. Shenshu BL-23 has a powerful effect on nourishing Kidneys Essence and lifting general mood, especially if it is combined with Zhishi BL-52. 

Thirdly, Shenshu BL-23 promotes the formation of Marrow and Bones as the Kidneys controls over these two elements. It is used in Sea of Marrow Deficiency, characterized by symptoms such as dizziness, poor memory, tinnitus, weak legs, blurred vision, fatigue and a constant desire to sleep. It also strengthens the Bones and treats diseases like arthritic bone deformities, osteoporosis and osteomalacia. 

Furthermore, it is widely used to strengthen the lower back and the lumbar area. Typical symptoms include lower back pain, feeling of cold in the back as well as weak and cold knees. 

Fourthly, BL-23 regulates the water passages and resolves Dampness in the Lower Burner.  Therefore, it is able to treat various urinary disorders as well as Oedema. It is also indicated for acute urinary stones. For these cases, Reducing Needling method should be applied and it often combines with Pangguanshu BL-28 and Yinlingquan SP-9. 

Next, the Uterus and the Kidneys have a very strong connection through the Uterus Channel Bao Luo. Thus BL-23 has influence over the Uterus function and it regulates the menstruation. The Governing, Directing and Penetrating Vessels connect to the Uterus as well and they can be strengthened by stimulating BL-23. Typical symptoms are amenorrhea, scanty and irregular periods, infertility, cold Uterus as well as heavy periods. 

Finally, the Kidneys opens to the ears. Shenshu BL-23 is widely used for all types of chronic ear issues caused by Kidney Deficiency, mostly tinnitus and deafness. On the other hand, Triple Burner and Gall Bladder Channels are more suited for acute ear problems, such as otitis or ear infections. 

BL-23 is also a major point in treating eye issues caused by Kidney Yin Deficiency. By nourishing the Kidney Yin, eyes can be moistened and have better sight, especially for the elderly. 



Classical Sources

《灵枢·背腧》 Ling Shu (Spiritual Pivot): The original text locating this point 'at the level of the 14th vertebra' (counting from C1), establishing it as the Back-Shu point of the Kidney.

《针灸甲乙经》 Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing: 'Cold-heat, eating much but body becomes thin, pain pulling on both flanks... prolonged wheezing and coughing, shortness of breath, turbid red urine—Shenshu governs these. Bone cold-heat, difficult urination—Shenshu governs these.'

《针灸大成》 Zhen Jiu Da Cheng: 'Governs deficiency taxation and emaciation, deafness from Kidney deficiency, chronic cold of the water organ, fullness and distention of the heart and abdomen, fullness of both flanks pulling into urgent lower abdominal pain.'

《太平圣惠方》 Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang: 'Treats deficiency taxation, deafness, Kidney deficiency and water organ distention, cramping lower back pain, turbid urine, genital pain, bloody semen, the five taxations and seven injuries.'

《医宗金鉴》 Yi Zong Jin Jian: 'All deficiencies of the lower origin, cold essence without offspring.'

How to Locate

First identify the Tuffier's line which connects the highest points of the iliac crest. The spinous process of the 4th lumber vertebra (L4) mostly falls on this line. Then identify the spinous process of the 2nd lumber vertebra (L2) by counting two up. Locate Shenshu BL-23 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of L2. Zhishi BL-52 is at the same level but 3 cun lateral to L2. Points located between Fufen BL-41 and Zhibian BL-54 are in the lateral branch of the Bladder Channel, while these between Fengmen BL-12 and Baihuanshu BL-30 are in the medial branch.

Caution

This point lies close to the kidneys. Deep insertion or vigorous needle manipulation can potentially damage the kidney or peritoneum. The maximum safe depth varies significantly with body type—thinner patients require shallower insertion. Perpendicular or slightly medial-oblique needling toward the spine at 45° is appropriate. Avoid oblique lateral insertion which increases organ injury risk. Adjust depth for very thin or obese patients. Clinical research suggests safe depth ranges from 0.8–1.2 cun (approximately 2–3 cm) for average adults, with maximum depth not exceeding 1.6 cun.

Needle Angle

90° (Perpendicular) / 45° (Oblique)

Depth Category

Medium

Standard Depth

0.8–1.2 cun

Needling Directions

Obliquely 0.5–1.5 cun. Caution: deep vertical needling carries a risk of injuring the kidney

Expected Deqi Sensation

Soreness and distention locally at the lumbar region, often radiating downward toward the buttock or anteriorly around the waist toward the Kidney area. Some patients experience a warm sensation spreading through the lower back. The deqi may also radiate to the lower limbs in cases of Kidney deficiency affecting the legs.

Moxibustion

Particularly Recommended

Duration: 10–20 minutes

Cupping

Recommended

Bloodletting

N/A

Gua Sha

Recommended

Organ & Tissue Associations

Back-Shu Point for:

Kidneys

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