Principal Meridian Tai Yang BL

Bladder Meridian

膀胱经 | Zú Tài Yáng Páng Guāng Jīng

The Bladder Channel of Foot Tai-Yang

Quick Facts

Associated Organ

Urinary Bladder

Acupuncture Points

67 points

Peak Hours

15:00 - 17:00

Flow Direction

Centripetal (toward torso)

Overview

The Bladder Meridian (Foot Tai Yang) is the longest meridian in the body with 67 acupuncture points. It begins at the inner corner of the eye, travels over the head, runs in two parallel lines down the entire back alongside the spine, continues down the back of the legs, and ends at the outer tip of the little toe. This meridian is paired with the Kidney in an interior-exterior relationship and plays crucial roles in water metabolism, nervous system regulation, and musculoskeletal health. It hosts all the Back-Shu points, which are reflex points for treating all internal organs. The Bladder Meridian governs the body's exterior defense against pathogenic cold and wind, making it essential for treating conditions ranging from back pain and sciatica to headaches, urinary disorders, and emotional imbalances related to fear.

24-Hour Qi Circulation Cycle

Previous in cycle

Small Intestine Meridian

Current Channel

Bladder Meridian

15:00 - 17:00

Peak Activity Hours

Next in cycle

Kidney Meridian

Channel Pathways

The Bladder Meridian consists of multiple channel systems, each with its own pathway and clinical significance.

Pathway Description

The external pathway: 

  • The Bladder Primary Channel starts at Jingming BL-1 at the inner canthus of the eye. It is reached by a branch that separates from Quanliao SI-18 of the Small Intestine Primary Channel. This forms the Hand-Foot second great circuit of Taiyang
  • From BL-1, it ascends the forehead, passing Shenting DU-24, Toulinqi GB-15 and other Bladder Channel points to Baihui DU-20 at the vertex
  • It then descends to Tianzhu BL-10 in the occipital area, where the external pathway splits into two branches:
    • The medial branch first travels to Dazhui DU-14 below the 7th spinal process of the cervical vertebra (C7), where it meets the other Yang Primary Channels. From there, the Channel descends parallelly 1.5 cun lateral to the posterior midline.
      • At the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra (L2), one internal sub-branch penetrates deep into the abdomen and connects to the Kidneys and the Bladder.
      • The main external medial branch continues descending through the gluteal area and the thigh to Weizhong BL-40 on the popliteal fossa, where it rejoin the lateral branch. 
    • The lateral branch descends to Fufen BL-41 which is 3 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 2nd thoracic vertebra (T2). From there, it continues descending, 3 cun parallel to the posterior midline until reaching Zhibian BL-54 at the level of the fourth sacral foramen. It then runs further down to Huantiao GB-30 at the on the buttock and continues along the posterolateral aspect of the thigh to Weizhong BL-40 to meet the medial branch
  • From Weizhong BL-40, the Primary Channel continues descending along the posterolateral aspect of the foreleg. 
  • It then reaches Kunlun BL-60 at the lateral malleolus and latterly runs along the lateral border of the foot to Zhiyin BL-67 at the lateral corner of the little toenail. From there, it connects to a branch of the Kidney Primary Channel at Yongquan KID-1 and forms the Foot Yin-Yang second great circuit.

The branches: 

  • Two branches separates from Baihui Du-20 at the vertex.  
    • One external branch runs to the tempol and intersects the Gall Bladder Primary Channel at Shuaigu GB-8, Qubin GB-7, Tianchong GB-9, Fubai GB-10, Touqiaoyin GB-11 and Wangu GB-12 along the ear auricle
    • One internal branch enters deep into the brain, meets the Governing Vessel and emerges at Naohu DU-17 above the occipital protuberance, where it rejoins the external pathway. 

Five Element Correspondences

Traditional associations of the Urinary Bladder and its meridian within the Five Element framework.

Emotion

Fear (shared with Kidney)

Color

Black/Blue

Taste

Salty

Climate

Cold

Sense Organ

Ears (shared with Kidney)

Tissue

Bones (via Kidney relationship)

Manifests In

Head hair (via Kidney relationship)

Sound

Groaning

Body Fluid

Urine

Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture points along the Bladder Meridian and related points from other channels.

Detailed Information

In-depth information about the Bladder Meridian and its clinical significance.

Overview

The Bladder Meridian of Foot Tai Yang (足太阳膀胱经, Zú Tài Yáng Páng Guāng Jīng) is the longest and most extensive meridian in Traditional Chinese Medicine, containing 67 acupuncture points on each side of the body. As a Tai Yang (Greater Yang) channel, it governs the body's outermost defensive layer and is the first line of defense against external pathogenic factors, particularly wind and cold.

Channel Pathway

The meridian originates at BL-1 (Jingming) at the inner corner of the eye, ascends over the forehead, and meets at the vertex of the head at DU-20 (Baihui). It then enters the brain and descends down the back of the head to the nape of the neck. From here, it divides into two parallel lines running down the back: the medial line runs 1.5 cun (finger-widths) lateral to the spine and contains the important Back-Shu points; the lateral line runs 3 cun from the spine. Both branches descend through the buttocks, reunite at the back of the knee (BL-40 Weizhong), continue down the calf, pass behind the outer ankle, and terminate at BL-67 (Zhiyin) on the outer tip of the little toe, where it connects to the Kidney Meridian.

Back-Shu Points

One of the most clinically significant features of the Bladder Meridian is that it contains all the Back-Shu (transporting) points along the spine. These points are reflex points that directly influence their corresponding internal organs: BL-13 (Feishu) for the Lungs, BL-15 (Xinshu) for the Heart, BL-18 (Ganshu) for the Liver, BL-20 (Pishu) for the Spleen, BL-23 (Shenshu) for the Kidneys, and many others. This makes the Bladder Meridian essential for treating virtually any internal organ disorder through these diagnostic and therapeutic points.

Key Clinical Applications

  • Musculoskeletal conditions: Back pain, sciatica, neck stiffness, and posterior leg pain respond well to Bladder points, especially BL-40 (Weizhong), known as the "Command Point for the Back"
  • Urinary disorders: The meridian directly connects to and influences the Bladder organ, treating urinary retention, incontinence, and frequent urination
  • Head and eye conditions: Starting at the inner eye, the channel treats eye disorders, headaches, and sinus problems
  • Nervous system regulation: The four spinal branches influence the autonomic nervous system, promoting relaxation and treating anxiety, insomnia, and stress
  • External pathogenic invasion: As the outermost Yang channel, it treats early-stage colds, fever, and stiff neck from wind-cold exposure

Organ Relationships

The Bladder forms an interior-exterior pair with the Kidney. The Bladder stores and excretes urine, but its function depends entirely on the Kidney's Qi transformation ability. This close relationship means Bladder channel points, especially BL-23 (Shenshu - Kidney Back-Shu point), are frequently used to strengthen Kidney function and treat conditions like low back pain, which the Kidneys govern.

Important Points

  • BL-1 (Jingming): Brightens the eyes, treats all eye disorders
  • BL-2 (Zanzhu): Headaches, eyebrow pain, facial paralysis
  • BL-10 (Tianzhu): Neck pain and stiffness, headaches
  • BL-17 (Geshu): Influential Point for Blood, treats blood disorders
  • BL-23 (Shenshu): Tonifies the Kidneys, strengthens the lower back
  • BL-40 (Weizhong): He-Sea point, Command Point for the back, clears heat
  • BL-60 (Kunlun): Relaxes sinews, benefits the back and lower limbs
  • BL-67 (Zhiyin): Jing-Well point, turns breech babies, clears head

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