Herb

Bai Xian Pi

Dittany root bark | 白鲜皮

Also known as:

Burning bush , Gas plant , Fraxinella

Properties

Heat-clearing herbs · Cold

Parts Used

Bark (皮 pí / 树皮 shù pí)

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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About This Herb

Traditional Chinese Medicine background and properties

Herb Description

Bái Xiān Pí is a bitter, cold herb widely regarded as one of the most important herbs in Chinese dermatology. It clears Heat and Dampness from the skin and relieves itching, making it a go-to choice for eczema, hives, fungal infections, and other itchy skin conditions. It is also used for jaundice and hot, painful joints caused by Damp-Heat accumulation.

Herb Category

Main Actions

  • Clears Heat and dries Dampness
  • Dispels Wind and Stops Itching
  • Resolves Toxicity
  • Clears Damp-Heat from the Skin
  • Clears Damp-Heat and Resolves Jaundice

How These Actions Work

'Clears Heat and dries Dampness' is the primary action of Bái Xiān Pí. Its bitter taste has a natural drying quality, and its cold nature directly counters Heat. Together, these properties make it effective for conditions where Dampness and Heat combine in the body, such as weeping skin lesions with yellow discharge, jaundice with dark urine, or hot, swollen joints. As the Ben Cao Gang Mu states, this herb's cold nature allows it to move freely through the body while its bitter, drying quality makes it essential for treating jaundice and Wind-Damp impediment.

'Dispels Wind and relieves itching' means that Bái Xiān Pí addresses the Wind component of skin diseases. In TCM, itching is closely associated with Wind, and this herb's ability to both clear Heat from the skin and expel Wind makes it one of the most important herbs in dermatology. It is used for eczema, hives, scabies, and various itchy rashes, either taken internally as a decoction or applied externally as a wash.

'Resolves toxins' refers to the herb's ability to clear toxic Heat from the body. This covers skin infections with pus, boils, abscesses, and sores with red, inflamed, ulcerated tissue. Its bitter-cold nature drives out the Heat toxins lodged in the skin and flesh. This action makes it useful both internally for systemic toxic Heat and externally for local skin infections.

Patterns Addressed

In TCM, symptoms cluster into recognizable patterns of disharmony that reveal what's out of balance in the body. Bai Xian Pi is traditionally associated with these specific patterns.

The following describes this herb's classification within Traditional Chinese Medicine theory and is provided for educational purposes only.

Why Bai Xian Pi addresses this pattern

Bái Xiān Pí directly addresses Damp-Heat by combining a bitter taste (which dries Dampness) with a cold nature (which clears Heat). It enters the Spleen and Stomach channels, the organs most susceptible to Damp-Heat accumulation. When Damp-Heat lodges in the skin, it produces weeping sores, oozing lesions, and yellow discharges. When it settles in the middle and lower burners, it causes jaundice and urinary difficulty. Bái Xiān Pí's ability to both dry Dampness and clear Heat simultaneously makes it especially effective at resolving these intertwined pathogenic factors.

A practitioner would look for one or more of these signs

Eczema

Weeping, oozing skin lesions with yellow fluid

Jaundice

Yellow skin and eyes with dark urine

Urinary Tract Infection

Painful, dark urination from Damp-Heat in the Bladder

TCM Properties

Temperature

Cold

Taste

Bitter (苦 kǔ)

Channels Entered
Spleen Stomach Urinary Bladder
Parts Used

Bark (皮 pí / 树皮 shù pí)

This is partial information on the herb's TCM properties. More detailed information is available on the herb's dedicated page

Product Details

Manufacturing, supplier, and product specifications

Product Type

Granules

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Botanical & Sourcing

Quality Indicators

Good quality Bai Xian Pi root bark comes in rolled tubular or double-rolled pieces, 5-15 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter, and 0.2-0.5 cm thick. The outer surface should be greyish-white to pale greyish-yellow with fine longitudinal wrinkles, fine root scars, and small raised granular dots. The inner surface should be nearly white with fine longitudinal lines. The texture is crisp and breaks easily, releasing a fine powder dust when snapped. The cross-section is off-white with a layered appearance. When the outer layer is peeled back and held to the light, tiny sparkling crystalline points should be visible. It has a characteristic goat-like (mutton) smell (羊膻气) and a slightly bitter taste. Avoid pieces that are dark, mouldy, insect-damaged, or lacking the characteristic odour.

Primary Growing Regions

Widely distributed across northeast China (Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang), north China (Hebei, Shanxi), east China (Jiangsu, Shandong), as well as Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Xinjiang provinces. Liaoning Province is a major production area and is considered a key growing region with abundant wild resources. In Xinjiang, the Ili (Yili) and Altay (Aletai) regions produce the most abundant supplies. The closely related Dictamnus angustifolius is used as a local substitute in Xinjiang.

Harvesting Season

Spring and autumn. In southern regions, harvesting may extend into early summer (after the Start of Summer solar term).

Supplier Information

Treasure of the East

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Miscellaneous Info

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Usage & Safety

How to use this herb and important safety information

Important Medical Disclaimer

The information provided here is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice or to replace consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. This herb is a dietary supplement and has not been evaluated by the FDA. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition, or are taking other medications. Discontinue use and consult your healthcare provider if you experience any adverse reactions.

Recommended Dosage

Instructions for safe storage and consumption

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Traditional Dosage Reference

Standard

5-10g

Maximum

Up to 15g in decoction for severe damp-heat skin conditions, under practitioner supervision. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard upper limit is 10g (some traditional references cite up to 15g). Do not exceed without clear clinical justification.

Notes

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020) specifies 5-10g for internal decoction. Some traditional Materia Medica references cite 6-15g for internal use. Lower doses (5-6g) are suitable for mild skin itching or as part of a multi-herb formula. Higher doses (10-15g) may be used for severe damp-heat skin conditions with copious yellow discharge, or for damp-heat jaundice. For external use, an appropriate amount is decocted as a wash for affected skin areas, with no strict gram limit. Excessive internal dosage may cause loose stools or diarrhoea due to its bitter-cold nature. Prolonged courses should include periodic liver function monitoring given emerging safety data.

Toxicity Classification

Non-toxic

Bai Xian Pi is classically categorised as non-toxic (无毒), as recorded since the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. However, modern pharmacovigilance has identified a risk of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity (liver injury occurring unpredictably in susceptible individuals). Key alkaloids including dictamnine (白鲜碱), obacunone (黄柏酮), fraxinellone (梣酮), and limonin (柠檬苦素) have been identified as potential hepatotoxic components in animal studies. Research suggests that liver injury from Bai Xian Pi is not strictly dose-dependent but may be related to immune-mediated idiosyncratic reactions in susceptible individuals. In mice, the reported LD50 is approximately 48.2 g/kg, indicating relatively low acute toxicity. Overdosage may cause diarrhoea. When used within the Pharmacopoeia dosage range (5-10g) for appropriate durations, the herb is generally considered safe, but liver function should be monitored during extended use.

Contraindications

Caution

Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold (脾胃虚寒). Bai Xian Pi is bitter and cold in nature, which can further damage an already weak and cold digestive system. Classical texts including the Ben Cao Jing Shu explicitly warn against use in those with 'lower body deficiency-cold.'

Caution

Pre-existing liver disease or compromised liver function. Modern research has identified a risk of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity (liver injury that occurs unpredictably in susceptible individuals). Those with existing liver conditions should avoid this herb or use it only under close medical supervision with liver function monitoring.

Caution

Blood deficiency with heat signs (血虚有热). The Ben Cao Jing Shu states that postpartum pain from blood deficiency and heat is not suitable for bitter-cold herbs like Bai Xian Pi. It should not be used where blood deficiency is the primary cause.

Caution

Skin conditions due to cold or deficiency rather than damp-heat. As a strongly cold and bitter herb, Bai Xian Pi is only appropriate for skin conditions driven by heat and dampness. Using it for cold-type or deficiency-type skin conditions may worsen symptoms.

Caution

Concurrent use with large doses or prolonged courses without monitoring. Overdosage may cause diarrhoea and, in rare cases, liver injury. Courses should be kept as short as clinically necessary.

Classical Incompatibilities

Bai Xian Pi does not appear on the classical Eighteen Incompatibilities (十八反) or Nineteen Mutual Fears (十九畏) lists. However, the Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu (《本草经集注》) records that it is classically considered incompatible (恶) with Piao Xiao (螵蛸, mantis egg case), Jie Geng (桔梗), Fu Ling (茯苓), and Bi Xie (萆薢). These are traditional cautions about reduced efficacy when combined, not absolute prohibitions.

Special Populations

Pregnancy

Use with caution during pregnancy. Pharmacological studies have shown that dictamnine (白鲜碱) has a strong contractile effect on rabbit and guinea pig uterine smooth muscle, and skimmianine (茵芋碱) can also enhance uterine contractions and potentiate the effects of adrenaline on the uterus. These uterine-stimulating properties pose a theoretical risk of threatened miscarriage. While no specific clinical reports of pregnancy complications have been documented, the herb's bitter-cold nature and demonstrated uterine-stimulating alkaloids make it inadvisable during pregnancy without clear clinical necessity and practitioner supervision.

Breastfeeding

No specific studies exist on the transfer of Bai Xian Pi's alkaloid components (dictamnine, skimmianine, etc.) into breast milk. Given the herb's bitter-cold nature and its content of multiple bioactive alkaloids with demonstrated effects on smooth muscle and potential for idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, caution is advisable during breastfeeding. Use only when clearly indicated and at standard doses under practitioner guidance. Monitor the nursing infant for any signs of digestive upset.

Pediatric Use

Bai Xian Pi can be used in children for damp-heat skin conditions (eczema, rashes) at appropriately reduced doses based on age and body weight, typically one-third to one-half of the adult dose. External use as a wash is generally well-tolerated in children. Given its bitter-cold nature, prolonged internal use in children should be avoided to prevent damage to the developing digestive system. Not recommended for infants under 1 year of age without specialist guidance.

Drug Interactions

No well-documented pharmacokinetic drug interactions have been established through clinical trials. However, based on the known pharmacological properties of Bai Xian Pi's alkaloid constituents, the following theoretical interactions warrant caution:

  • Hepatotoxic drugs: Given the identified risk of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity, concurrent use with other potentially hepatotoxic medications (e.g. acetaminophen/paracetamol at high doses, methotrexate, certain statins, antifungal azoles) may increase the risk of liver injury. Liver function monitoring is advised.
  • Immunosuppressants: Bai Xian Pi has demonstrated immunomodulatory effects in pharmacological studies. Theoretically, it may interact with immunosuppressive drugs, though the clinical significance is unclear.
  • Cardiovascular medications: Skimmianine (茵芋碱) has demonstrated ephedrine-like sympathomimetic activity in animal studies (raising blood pressure, enhancing adrenaline effects). Caution is warranted in patients taking antihypertensive medications or sympathomimetic drugs.

Dietary Advice

Avoid cold, raw, greasy, and fried foods while taking Bai Xian Pi internally, as these can generate dampness and counteract its damp-clearing effects. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, which may compound any hepatic burden. Spicy, pungent foods that generate heat should also be moderated when treating damp-heat skin conditions. Light, easily digestible foods and cooling vegetables such as mung beans, winter melon, and Job's tears (yi yi ren) complement the herb's action.

Cautions & Warnings

Although this formula is typically safe for most individuals, it may cause side effects in some people. Pregnant women, nursing mothers, postpartum women, and those with liver disease should use the formula with caution.

As with any Chinese herbal remedy, it is advisable to seek guidance from a qualified TCM practitioner before beginning treatment.