Herb

Gong Lao Ye

Chinese holly leaf | 功劳叶

Also known as:

Shi Da Gong Lao Ye (十大功劳叶)

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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About This Herb

Traditional Chinese Medicine background and properties

Herb Description

Gong Lao Ye is a cooling, bitter leaf used in Chinese medicine to clear lingering low-grade fevers and support the body's fluids. It is especially valued for chronic coughs with blood-streaked phlegm, afternoon fevers, dizziness, and sore lower back and knees associated with long-term depletion. It also has traditional uses for red eyes, dysentery, and skin sores.

Herb Category

Main Actions

  • Clears Deficiency Heat
  • Nourishes Yin
  • Resolves Phlegm and Stops Cough
  • Dries Dampness
  • Resolves Toxicity
  • Cools the Blood

How These Actions Work

'Clears Deficiency Heat' means this herb addresses the low-grade, lingering Heat that arises when the body's cooling, moistening Yin fluids become depleted. This type of Heat is not caused by an external infection but by an internal imbalance. Symptoms include afternoon fevers, night sweats, a flushed face, and a sensation of heat in the palms and soles. Gong Lao Ye's cool, bitter nature directly drains this kind of smoldering Heat, making it especially useful for people with chronic conditions like tuberculosis where Yin has been consumed over time.

'Nourishes Yin' refers to the herb's ability to support and replenish the body's vital fluids and cooling resources. Classical commentators compared its action to that of Nu Zhen Zi (privet fruit), describing it as a cooling tonic that strengthens the body while clearing Heat. The Ben Cao Jing Shu noted that this herb "enters the Kidney channel and nourishes Yin, so Phlegm-Fire naturally resolves, like removing fuel from beneath a pot." This makes it different from purely draining Heat-clearing herbs, as it also supports the root deficiency.

'Stops coughing and transforms Phlegm' applies specifically to coughs arising from Lung Yin Deficiency with Deficiency Fire, where heat scorches the Lung fluids and produces thick, scanty, or blood-streaked phlegm. The herb cools the Lungs while addressing the underlying Yin depletion that generates the cough.

'Dries Dampness and resolves toxins' reflects the bitter taste's natural ability to dry pathological Dampness and the herb's demonstrated antimicrobial properties. This action is relevant for conditions like dysentery, Damp-Heat jaundice, vaginal discharge, and eye infections where Damp-Heat and toxins accumulate.

Patterns Addressed

In TCM, symptoms cluster into recognizable patterns of disharmony that reveal what's out of balance in the body. Gong Lao Ye is traditionally associated with these specific patterns.

The following describes this herb's classification within Traditional Chinese Medicine theory and is provided for educational purposes only.

Why Gong Lao Ye addresses this pattern

When Lung and Kidney Yin are depleted, Deficiency Fire flares upward, scorching the Lungs and producing chronic cough, blood-streaked phlegm, and afternoon fevers. Gong Lao Ye's cool, bitter nature clears this Deficiency Heat from the Lung channel while simultaneously nourishing the depleted Yin of the Kidneys. Classical sources specifically note that this herb 'enters the Kidney channel to nourish Yin, so Phlegm-Fire naturally resolves.' This dual action of clearing Heat above while supporting the root deficiency below makes it particularly well-suited for this pattern, where purely draining herbs would further damage Yin.

A practitioner would look for one or more of these signs

Chronic Coughing

Chronic dry cough, sometimes with blood-streaked sputum

Night Sweats

Night sweats from Yin Deficiency

Tinnitus

Tinnitus and dizziness from Kidney Yin depletion

Lower Back Pain

Sore and weak lower back and knees

Afternoon Fever

Afternoon tidal fever (bone-steaming heat)

TCM Properties

Temperature

Cool

Taste

Bitter (苦 kǔ)

Channels Entered
Lungs Liver Stomach
Parts Used

Leaf (叶 yè)

This is partial information on the herb's TCM properties. More detailed information is available on the herb's dedicated page

Product Details

Manufacturing, supplier, and product specifications

Product Type

Granules

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Botanical & Sourcing

Quality Indicators

Good quality broad-leaved Gong Lao Ye (阔叶十大功劳叶) leaflets are ovate-elliptical, 4 to 12 cm long, with a pointed tip ending in a sharp spine and 2 to 8 spiny teeth along each margin. The upper surface should be purplish-green with a clear glossy sheen, while the lower surface is yellowish-green. The texture should be hard and brittle (leathery), characteristic of fresh, properly dried material. The smell is faint, and the taste is mild to slightly bitter. For the narrow-leaved species (细叶十大功劳叶), leaflets are narrowly lance-shaped with 6 to 13 spiny teeth per side, otherwise similar in colour and texture. Avoid leaves that are yellowed, blackened, excessively fragmented, or show signs of mould or insect damage. Leaves should be whole or largely intact, with clearly visible spiny margins.

Primary Growing Regions

Gong Lao Ye (十大功劳叶) is distributed across central and southern China. The broad-leaved species (Mahonia bealei) grows in Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, and Guangdong provinces. The narrow-leaved species (Mahonia fortunei) is found in Zhejiang, Hubei, and Guangdong. Historically, Zhejiang and Jiangxi were the primary sourcing regions where genuine Shi Da Gong Lao Ye was traded as medicine. Sichuan is also an important production area. There is no single dominant dao di (terroir) region as for some other major herbs, but material from Zhejiang and the Yangtze River region has traditionally been most valued. The plant is also cultivated in Japan, parts of the United States, Mexico, and Europe.

Harvesting Season

Leaves can be harvested year-round, though autumn is the traditional collection season. The plant is typically grown for 4 to 5 years before the stems and roots are harvested in autumn or winter.

Supplier Information

Treasure of the East

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Miscellaneous Info

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Usage & Safety

How to use this herb and important safety information

Important Medical Disclaimer

The information provided here is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice or to replace consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. This herb is a dietary supplement and has not been evaluated by the FDA. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition, or are taking other medications. Discontinue use and consult your healthcare provider if you experience any adverse reactions.

Recommended Dosage

Instructions for safe storage and consumption

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Traditional Dosage Reference

Standard

6-15g

Maximum

Up to 15g in standard decoction; some folk recipes use up to 30g of fresh leaves for acute conditions, but this should only be done under practitioner guidance and for short duration.

Notes

Use lower doses (6 to 9g) for clearing deficiency Heat and nourishing Yin in chronic conditions such as Lung consumption with tidal fever. Use higher doses (9 to 15g) for acute conditions involving Damp-Heat, such as dysentery, jaundice, or red swollen eyes. Fresh leaves may be used at higher doses (up to 30g) for acute febrile conditions in folk practice. As an external wash, an appropriate amount can be decocted for eczema, sores, or eye inflammation. Because of its intensely bitter, cold nature, prolonged use or excessive dosage can injure the Spleen and Stomach, so treatment courses should be kept brief, especially in patients with weak digestion.

Toxicity Classification

Non-toxic

Gong Lao Ye (Shi Da Gong Lao Ye) is classified as non-toxic in traditional Chinese sources. Both the broad-leaved and narrow-leaved Mahonia species contain berberine and related isoquinoline alkaloids (palmatine, jatrorrhizine), which are the main pharmacologically active compounds. In animal toxicity studies, oral administration of berberine showed no lethal dose (no LD50 found for intragastric route in mice), suggesting very low oral toxicity. However, berberine in high doses can cause gastrointestinal upset, lowered blood pressure, and reduced heart rate. The primary safety concern is for newborns: berberine can displace bilirubin from albumin binding, potentially causing kernicterus (bilirubin-related brain damage) in jaundiced infants. At standard decoction doses (6 to 15g), the herb is considered safe for adults. Prolonged use at high doses may injure the Spleen and Stomach due to the intensely bitter, cold nature of the herb.

Contraindications

Caution

Spleen and Stomach deficiency cold (脾胃虚寒). This herb is bitter and cold in nature. It can further damage the Spleen and Stomach Yang in people with weak, cold digestion, worsening symptoms like loose stools, poor appetite, and abdominal cold pain.

Avoid

Pregnancy. The herb contains berberine and related isoquinoline alkaloids that can cross the placenta and may cause harm to the fetus, including a risk of kernicterus (bilirubin-related brain damage) in newborns.

Caution

Yin deficiency without Heat signs. Although Gong Lao Ye can nourish Yin, its strong bitter-cold properties can be overly draining if there is no genuine Heat present, potentially damaging Yin fluids further through excessive cooling.

Avoid

Neonates and young infants, especially those with jaundice. The berberine content can interfere with bilirubin metabolism in newborns, increasing the risk of kernicterus (a form of brain damage).

Special Populations

Pregnancy

Contraindicated during pregnancy. Gong Lao Ye contains berberine and related isoquinoline alkaloids that can cross the placenta. Berberine has been associated with uterine stimulation (potentially causing contractions) and can interfere with bilirubin metabolism in the fetus. In newborns exposed to berberine, there is a documented risk of kernicterus, a form of brain damage caused by bilirubin accumulation in the brain. One limited study of 218 pregnancies exposed to berberine-containing herbs found cases of nervous system and genital defects. Pregnant women should avoid this herb entirely.

Breastfeeding

Likely unsafe during breastfeeding. Berberine, the primary active alkaloid in Gong Lao Ye, can be transferred to the nursing infant through breast milk. In newborns, berberine may interfere with bilirubin metabolism by displacing bilirubin from serum albumin, raising the risk of dangerous bilirubin accumulation in the brain (kernicterus). This risk is greatest in premature infants and those with neonatal jaundice. Nursing mothers should avoid this herb or discontinue breastfeeding while using it.

Pediatric Use

Gong Lao Ye should not be given to newborns or young infants due to the berberine content, which can interfere with bilirubin metabolism and cause kernicterus in neonates, particularly premature infants or those with jaundice. For older children, the bitter-cold nature of the herb can easily injure the Spleen and Stomach. If used, dosage should be reduced to approximately one-third to one-half the adult dose depending on age and body weight, and the duration of use should be kept short. A practitioner experienced in pediatric TCM should supervise its use.

Drug Interactions

Cyclosporine and CYP3A4 substrates: Berberine, the primary alkaloid in Gong Lao Ye, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes. This could slow the metabolism of drugs processed through this pathway, including cyclosporine, potentially increasing their blood levels and risk of toxicity.

Antihypertensive medications: Berberine and related Mahonia alkaloids may lower blood pressure. Concurrent use with antihypertensive drugs could result in additive hypotensive effects.

Hypoglycaemic agents (metformin, insulin, etc.): Berberine has documented blood sugar-lowering effects. Combined use with diabetes medications may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia. Blood glucose should be monitored closely.

Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs: Some research suggests berberine may affect platelet function. Caution is advised when combining with warfarin, aspirin, or other blood thinners.

Bilirubin-displacing drugs: Berberine competes for albumin binding sites with bilirubin. In patients (especially neonates) receiving drugs that also displace bilirubin (e.g. sulfonamides, ceftriaxone), concurrent use could increase the risk of bilirubin toxicity.

Dietary Advice

Because Gong Lao Ye is bitter and cold, it is best taken alongside easily digestible, warming foods to protect the Spleen and Stomach. Avoid excessive cold, raw, or greasy foods while taking this herb, as these could compound its cooling effect on digestion. When used for Yin-deficiency Heat conditions, nourishing foods such as congee, pear, lily bulb, or small amounts of honey may be complementary. Avoid alcohol and spicy, heavily stimulating foods when using this herb for inflammatory or Heat conditions.

Cautions & Warnings

Although this formula is typically safe for most individuals, it may cause side effects in some people. Pregnant women, nursing mothers, postpartum women, and those with liver disease should use the formula with caution.

As with any Chinese herbal remedy, it is advisable to seek guidance from a qualified TCM practitioner before beginning treatment.