Herb

Chuan Bei Mu

Sichuan Fritillary bulb | 川贝母

Also known as:

Yellow Himalayan fritillary , Tendrilleaf Fritillary , Chuan Bei

Parts Used

Bulb (鳞茎 lín jīng)

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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About This Herb

Traditional Chinese Medicine background and properties

Herb Description

Chuān Bèi Mǔ (Sichuan fritillary bulb) is one of the most prized Chinese herbs for cough, especially dry cough with little or sticky phlegm. It gently moistens the lungs and clears heat, making it ideal for lingering coughs, throat dryness, and conditions where the lungs have become too dry. It is the key ingredient in many popular Chinese cough syrups and the well-known home remedy of steaming pear with fritillary powder.

Herb Category

Main Actions

  • Clears Heat and Moistens the Lungs
  • Resolves Phlegm and Stops Cough
  • Disperses Swelling and Dissipates Nodules

How These Actions Work

'Clears Heat and moistens the Lungs' means Chuān Bèi Mǔ addresses dryness and Heat in the Lungs. Its slightly cool nature clears Lung Heat, while its sweet taste moistens and nourishes Lung tissue. This makes it especially suited for dry, unproductive coughs or coughs with scant, sticky phlegm that is difficult to expectorate. Unlike many phlegm-resolving herbs that tend to be drying, Chuān Bèi Mǔ is gentle and moistening, making it safe to use in conditions where the Lung fluids are already depleted.

'Transforms phlegm and stops cough' refers to its ability to resolve phlegm accumulation in the Lungs and calm coughing. Its bitter taste has a descending and dissipating quality that helps break up thick, sticky phlegm, while its sweet, moistening nature prevents the further drying of Lung tissue. This combination makes it particularly effective for Heat-type phlegm (hot, yellow, sticky sputum) and Dryness-type phlegm (scant, hard-to-expectorate phlegm), as well as chronic cough from Lung Yin deficiency.

'Dissipates nodules and reduces swellings' means the herb can address lumps, masses, and swollen glands caused by phlegm and Heat accumulating and congealing in tissue. In classical practice, this action was applied to conditions like scrofula (lymph node swellings along the neck), breast abscesses, and lung abscesses. The herb's cool, bitter properties help clear the Heat component while its phlegm-resolving action addresses the underlying accumulation.

Patterns Addressed

In TCM, symptoms cluster into recognizable patterns of disharmony that reveal what's out of balance in the body. Chuan Bei Mu is traditionally associated with these specific patterns.

The following describes this herb's classification within Traditional Chinese Medicine theory and is provided for educational purposes only.

Why Chuan Bei Mu addresses this pattern

Lung Yin Deficiency produces chronic dry cough, scanty phlegm, and dry throat because the Lungs lack the fluids needed to keep respiratory tissue moist and functioning smoothly. Chuān Bèi Mǔ is ideally suited for this pattern because its sweet taste moistens and nourishes Lung Yin, its slightly cool nature gently clears any residual deficiency Heat, and its phlegm-transforming action addresses the sticky, difficult-to-expectorate phlegm that forms when fluids are depleted. This is the pattern where Chuān Bèi Mǔ is most distinguished from other phlegm-resolving herbs: its gentle, moistening quality (unlike the harsher, more drying Zhè Bèi Mǔ) makes it the preferred choice for deficiency-type respiratory conditions.

A practitioner would look for one or more of these signs

Dry Cough

Chronic dry cough or cough with very little phlegm

Dry Throat

Dry, scratchy throat

Sputum

Occasional blood-streaked sputum

Night Sweats

Night sweats or afternoon tidal heat

TCM Properties

Temperature

Slightly Cool

Taste

Bitter (苦 kǔ), Sweet (甘 gān)

Channels Entered
Lungs Heart
Parts Used

Bulb (鳞茎 lín jīng)

This is partial information on the herb's TCM properties. More detailed information is available on the herb's dedicated page

Product Details

Manufacturing, supplier, and product specifications

Product Type

Granules

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Botanical & Sourcing

Quality Indicators

Among all commercial grades, Song Bei (松贝) is the most prized. Good quality Song Bei is small (0.3 to 0.9 cm), nearly round or conical, with a whitish surface. Its two outer scale leaves are distinctly unequal in size, with the larger one tightly clasping the smaller one, leaving an exposed crescent shape known as "huai zhong bao yue" (怀中抱月, "embracing the moon"). The top is closed, and it sits flat on a surface without tipping over (called "Guanyin sitting on a lotus"). It should be hard, crisp when broken, with a white, starchy cross-section. The taste is slightly bitter with a faint sweetness. The smell is very mild. Qing Bei is slightly larger, flattened-spherical, with two scale leaves of similar size that meet at the top with a small opening. Lu Bei is the largest, elongated-conical, sometimes with yellowish-brown speckles (called "tiger-skin" markings). All grades should be dry, uniformly sized, unbroken, heavy for their size, rich in starch (powdery), white in color, free of dark navels or shriveled specimens.

Primary Growing Regions

The best quality Chuan Bei Mu traditionally comes from the high-altitude regions of Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, northwestern Yunnan, and southern/eastern Tibet. These are all high-plateau areas above 2,800 meters elevation. Among the commercial grades, Song Bei (松贝, "Pine Shell") from the Songpan area of Aba Prefecture in Sichuan is considered the finest. Qing Bei (青贝) from the Sichuan-Qinghai-Yunnan border region is also high quality. Lu Bei (炉贝) from the Luohuo area of Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan, and the Changdu region of Tibet is considered slightly inferior. As a dao di yao cai (道地药材), Chuan Bei Mu is quintessentially a product of the Sichuan highlands and Tibetan Plateau.

Harvesting Season

Summer to autumn (June to August), after the aboveground stems and leaves have withered, or after alpine snowmelt in spring. Seed-propagated plants are harvested in the third growing year; bulb-propagated plants in the second year.

Supplier Information

Treasure of the East

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Usage & Safety

How to use this herb and important safety information

Important Medical Disclaimer

The information provided here is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice or to replace consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. This herb is a dietary supplement and has not been evaluated by the FDA. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition, or are taking other medications. Discontinue use and consult your healthcare provider if you experience any adverse reactions.

Recommended Dosage

Instructions for safe storage and consumption

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Traditional Dosage Reference

Standard

3-10g (decoction); 1-2g per dose (ground to powder, taken with water)

Maximum

Generally not exceeding 10g in decoction or 2g of powder per dose. As a non-toxic herb, there is no sharply defined toxic threshold, but higher doses of this cold, moistening herb may cause digestive discomfort in sensitive individuals.

Notes

For cough due to Lung heat or dryness, the standard decoction dose of 3-10g is typical. However, because Chuan Bei Mu is expensive, it is often more efficiently used as a ground powder (1-2g per dose, taken directly with warm water or mixed into food), which avoids loss of active components during prolonged boiling. When used in the popular "steamed pear" home preparation, 3-5g of powder is placed inside a cored pear and steamed. For treating scrofula (nodules/lumps), the herb is typically used at the higher end of its dosage range and combined with softening and resolving herbs.

Processing Methods

Processing method

The dried bulbs are ground into a fine powder. Because Chuān Bèi Mǔ is expensive, grinding it into powder and taking it directly (swallowed with warm water or mixed into steamed pears) maximizes its bioavailability and reduces waste compared to decoction.

How it changes properties

The fundamental properties (cool, bitter-sweet, Lung and Heart channels) remain unchanged. This is not a true processing transformation but rather a preparation method. Powdering allows direct ingestion at smaller doses (1-2g per dose) rather than decoction (3-10g), which is important given the herb's high cost.

When to use this form

The powdered form is the standard clinical recommendation for Chuān Bèi Mǔ. It is preferred over decoction in almost all situations because of cost-effectiveness and to preserve the herb's volatile alkaloid content, which can be partially lost during prolonged boiling.

Toxicity Classification

Non-toxic

Chuan Bei Mu is classified as non-toxic in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Its total alkaloid content is very low (approximately 0.02% to 0.3% of dry weight), consisting primarily of isosteroidal alkaloids such as imperialine, verticine, verticinone, and peimisine. At standard therapeutic doses, these alkaloids are well-tolerated. However, because the alkaloids can excite uterine smooth muscle and lower blood pressure in pharmacological studies, caution is warranted in pregnant women and those with hypotension. No specific processing is required to render the herb safe, as it is used in its naturally dried form.

Contraindications

Avoid

Incompatible with Wu Tou (Aconitum) family: Do not use with Chuan Wu (川乌), Zhi Chuan Wu (制川乌), Cao Wu (草乌), Zhi Cao Wu (制草乌), or Fu Zi (附子). This is one of the classical Eighteen Incompatibilities (十八反). Combined use may increase toxic alkaloid dissolution and produce serious adverse effects.

Caution

Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold (脾胃虚寒): Chuan Bei Mu is slightly cold in nature and may worsen symptoms such as poor appetite, loose stools, cold limbs, and abdominal discomfort in people with a cold, weak digestive system.

Caution

Cold-phlegm or damp-phlegm patterns: Not suitable for coughs with thin, white, copious phlegm, sensation of cold, or absence of thirst. Chuan Bei Mu's cool, moistening nature can worsen these cold or damp conditions.

Caution

Wind-cold cough in early stages: Do not use for coughs caused by external wind-cold invasion (chills, runny nose with clear discharge, itchy throat, absence of fever). Its cooling properties can trap the pathogen and worsen the condition.

Caution

Prolonged unsupervised use: Long-term use (beyond approximately 7 days without reassessment) may damage Spleen Yang, leading to digestive weakness, loose stools, and reduced appetite.

Classical Incompatibilities

Chuan Bei Mu is listed in the Eighteen Incompatibilities (十八反): Bei Mu (贝母, including both Chuan Bei Mu and Zhe Bei Mu) is incompatible with Wu Tou (乌头), which includes Chuan Wu (川乌), Zhi Chuan Wu (制川乌), Cao Wu (草乌), Zhi Cao Wu (制草乌), and Fu Zi (附子). The relevant line of the classical mnemonic reads: "半蒌贝蔹及攻乌" (Ban Xia, Gua Lou, Bei Mu, Bai Lian, and Bai Ji all oppose Wu Tou). Combined decoction has been shown to increase dissolution of toxic aconitine-type alkaloids. Additionally, some classical sources record that Bei Mu "fears" (畏) Qin Jiao, Fan Shi (alum), and Mang Cao, and "clashes with" (恶) Tao Hua (peach blossom), though these are less universally cited than the Eighteen Incompatibilities.

Special Populations

Pregnancy

Use with caution during pregnancy. Pharmacological studies show that Chuan Bei Mu alkaloids can increase uterine smooth muscle tension, which raises a theoretical risk of uterine stimulation. Some Chinese sources list pregnancy (especially the first trimester and in women with a history of miscarriage) as a contraindication. While it is not absolutely prohibited in the way that strongly blood-moving herbs are, pregnant women should not self-medicate with Chuan Bei Mu and should only use it under direct supervision of a qualified practitioner who has assessed the individual situation.

Breastfeeding

No specific studies have been conducted on Chuan Bei Mu during breastfeeding. Given its very low alkaloid content and long history of use as a food-grade medicinal (e.g., in stewed pear preparations), it is generally considered to pose low risk at standard doses during lactation. However, because alkaloid components could theoretically transfer into breast milk, breastfeeding mothers should consult a qualified practitioner before use rather than self-medicating.

Pediatric Use

Chuan Bei Mu is frequently used in pediatric practice in China, particularly for children's cough from lung heat or dryness. Dosage should be adjusted by age and body weight, typically one-third to one-half of the adult dose for children over 3 years old, and further reduced for younger children. The powdered form mixed with stewed pear is a common, palatable preparation for children. However, use in infants and very young children (under 1 year) should only be under direct practitioner supervision. As with adults, it is not appropriate for cold-phlegm or damp-phlegm coughs in children.

Drug Interactions

Aconitum-containing preparations: Chuan Bei Mu must not be used concurrently with any preparation containing aconitum alkaloids (Fu Zi/aconite, Chuan Wu, Cao Wu). Research has demonstrated that co-decoction increases dissolution of toxic diester-type aconitine alkaloids.

Atropine and aminophylline (theophylline): Some Chinese clinical references advise against concurrent use with atropine and aminophylline, as their combined effects may be unpredictable.

Digoxin: Some sources caution against combining Chuan Bei Mu with cardiac glycosides such as digoxin, though the mechanism is not fully elucidated.

Alkaline drugs: Concurrent use with strongly alkaline preparations (such as sodium bicarbonate) is not recommended, as this may alter the solubility and absorption of Chuan Bei Mu's alkaloid constituents.

Hepatic metabolism: Some of Chuan Bei Mu's alkaloid components may affect liver metabolic enzyme (CYP450) activity, potentially altering the metabolism of concurrently administered pharmaceuticals. People taking prescription medications should consult their doctor or pharmacist before adding Chuan Bei Mu.

Dietary Advice

Avoid cold, raw, greasy, or excessively sweet foods while taking Chuan Bei Mu, as these can generate more dampness and phlegm, working against the herb's phlegm-transforming action. Spicy, hot, or fried foods should also be limited, as they can generate heat and dry out body fluids, counteracting its moistening effect. Light, easily digestible foods are preferred. The classic folk pairing with pear (川贝炖雪梨) is well-suited because pear also moistens the Lung and generates fluids.

Cautions & Warnings

Although this herb is typically safe for most individuals, it may cause side effects in some people. Pregnant women, nursing mothers, postpartum women, and those with liver disease should use the formula with caution.

As with any Chinese herbal remedy, it is advisable to seek guidance from a qualified TCM practitioner before beginning treatment.