What is Leukorrhea?

Leukorrhea refers to a common condition characterized by a whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge. This discharge can vary in consistency and amount, often influenced by the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, or underlying health conditions. While it's typically normal and serves to keep the vagina clean, an increase in the amount or changes in the color and smell can indicate potential health issues that might require medical attention.

How does TCM view Leukorrhea?

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a unique lens through which leukorrhea is viewed not merely as a symptom but as a sign of imbalance within the body's energy system. According to TCM, the body is governed by a network of energies, and symptoms like leukorrhea arise when there's disharmony among these energies.

Identifying the specific pattern of disharmony—such as Kidney Yang Deficiency or Spleen Qi Deficiency—is crucial for treatment because it allows practitioners to address the root cause, not just the symptoms.

Root Causes of Leukorrhea in TCM

In TCM, leukorrhea is often seen as a manifestation of underlying imbalances. Two common patterns associated with this condition are Kidney Yang Deficiency, where the body's "Fire" or warmth is insufficient, leading to a cold-damp environment that encourages leukorrhea, and

Spleen Qi Deficiency, which implies a weakened digestive system that fails to manage bodily fluids correctly. These patterns underscore the importance of diagnosing the specific cause behind leukorrhea to effectively restore balance and health.

Explore below more details about what might cause Leukorrhea according to TCM.

  • By Syndrome
  • By Organ
  • Yang Deficiency
  • Heat
  • Dampness
  • Qi Deficiency
  • Yin Deficiency
  • Qi Stagnation
  • Phlegm
Detailed description of the cause

Yang Deficiency

Yang deficiency in TCM refers to a state where the body's Yang energy, which is responsible for warmth, activity, and function, is weakened or diminished. This pattern of disharmony often arises from chronic illness, aging, or inherent constitutional weakness. Symptoms of Yang deficiency are typically associated with cold and sluggishness, such as a feeling of coldness, cold extremities, pale complexion, low energy or fatigue, and a desire for warmth. Digestive issues like poor appetite, loose stools, and water retention can also be indicative of Yang deficiency.... see more

Yang Deficiency Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Common Symptoms: Chills Generalized Fatigue General Weakness Diarrhea Cold Extremities Hypertension Hyperaldosteronism Hypothyroidism

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Kidney Yang Deficiency leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Vaginal discharge, Lower back pain, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Weak and cold knees, Lower back coldness, Chills, Weak legs, Bright pale face, Generalized fatigue, General weakness, Leg edema, Female infertility, Diarrhea, Depression, Erectile dysfunction, Premature ejaculation, Oligospermia, Low sex drive, Pale and abudant urination... see more Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan | Ba Wei Di Huang Wan | You Gui Wan | Er Xian Tang | Shen Qi Wan | Tu Si Zi Wan
Spleen Yang Deficiency Vagina discharge, Slight abdominal distension after eating, General weakness, Desire to lie in fetal position, Pale face, Cold extremities, Chills, Undigested food in stools, Excessive gas and flatulence, Bloated abdomen, Abdominal pain relieved by pressure and warmth, Dull shallow face... see more Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang | Yi Huang Tang | Zhen Wu Tang | Huang Tu Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Heat

In TCM "Heat" signifies an excess of Yang energy, leading to an imbalance where heat predominates over the body's cool Yin aspects. This condition is metaphorically akin to an internal over-heating. Symptoms indicative of Heat can include feelings of warmth, fever, sweating, irritability, red face, thirst with a preference for cold drinks, and a rapid pulse. The tongue may appear red with a yellow coating. Unlike the common interpretation of heat in terms of temperature, in TCM, it represents a state of hyperactivity or inflammation in the body.... see more

Heat Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Common Symptoms: Fever Feeling Hot Foul-Smelling Vaginal Discharge Thirst Lower Back Pain Yellow Vaginal Discharge Sticky Vaginal Discharge Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Vaginal discharge, Fever, Neck gland swelling, Headaches, Tight feeling in chest and stomach, Sticky taste in the mouth, Absence of thirst, Feeling hot, Feeling of heaviness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Acne... see more Yi Huang Tang | Long Dan Xie Gan Tang | Ba Zheng San
Toxic-Heat leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Fever, Edema, Pus and discharge, Boils, Carbuncles, Pustule, Red skin eruptions, Sore throat, Eczema, Perineum swollen, Prostate swollen, Testicular swelling, Mouth ulcers, Tonsil swelling... see more Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin
Detailed description of the cause

Dampness

"Dampness" in TCM is a concept that describes a pattern of disharmony where the body accumulates excess moisture. Imagine the heavy, sticky feeling you get on a very humid day; that's similar to what dampness feels like internally. It can manifest as a sense of heaviness, bloating, sluggishness, or even a foggy mind. This condition is often thought to arise from environmental factors like living in a damp place, dietary habits that promote moisture in the body, or internal imbalances that hinder the body's ability to process fluids properly. In TCM, dampness can obstruct the normal flow of energy and fluids in the body, leading to various symptoms.... see more

Dampness Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Common Symptoms: Feeling Of Heaviness Thick Menstrual Blood Sore And Weak Limbs Lower Abdominal Pain Generalized Fatigue Diarrhea Dizziness Late Menstruation

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Vaginal discharge, Fever, Neck gland swelling, Headaches, Tight feeling in chest and stomach, Sticky taste in the mouth, Absence of thirst, Feeling hot, Feeling of heaviness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Acne... see more Yi Huang Tang | Long Dan Xie Gan Tang | Ba Zheng San
Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus Vagina discharge, Late menstruation, Amenorrhea, Scanty menstruation, Lower abdominal pain, Abdominal heaviness, Feeling of oppression of the chest, Generalized fatigue, Diarrhea, Dull pale complexion, Obesity, Infertility, Ovarian cysts, Ovarian fibroids, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Pseudocyesis, Sputum, Feeling of heaviness... see more Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang | Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan | Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang | Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Qi Deficiency

Qi Deficiency in TCM is like running low on battery power. Qi is the vital energy that powers every function in your body. When there's a Qi Deficiency, it means your body doesn't have enough of this essential energy. This can make you feel tired all the time, weak, or even cause shortness of breath. It's similar to how you feel when you haven't had enough sleep or nutritious food. Your body just doesn't have the energy it needs to perform at its best. Unlike modern medicine, which often focuses on specific physical causes for fatigue and weakness, TCM views Qi Deficiency as an overall energy depletion that affects your entire well-being, and it seeks to replenish and balance this vital energy.... see more

Qi Deficiency Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Spleen Deficiency leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Sticky vaginal discharge, Generalized fatigue, Depression, Cold extremities, Diarrhea, White vaginal discharge, Lack of appetite, Amenorrhea, Dull shallow face, Weak limbs... see more Wan Dai Tang | Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang | Yi Huang Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Yin Deficiency

Yin deficiency in TCM is a pattern of disharmony characterized by a depletion of the body's Yin energy, which represents the cooling, moistening, and nurturing aspects of our physiology. This condition often arises from factors like chronic stress, overwork, insufficient rest, or prolonged illness. Symptoms of Yin deficiency can include a sensation of heat, especially in the afternoon or evening, night sweats, insomnia, a dry mouth or throat, and a red tongue with little coating. There might also be a general feeling of restlessness or irritability. Since Yin is essential for balancing the body's active and warm Yang energy, its deficiency leads to a relative excess of Yang, manifesting as heat or dryness symptoms.... see more

Yin Deficiency Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Kidney Yin Deficiency leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Perspiration, Back pain, Hearing loss, Dry mouth and throat at night, Lower back pain, Constipation, Scanty and dark urine, Infertility, Premature ejaculation, Generalized fatigue, General weakness, Depression, Anxiety, Heat sensation in palms, Evening heat sensation, Flushed cheekbones, Menopausal hot flashes, Preference for sipping, Evening anxiety... see more Zuo Gui Wan | Ba Wei Di Huang Wan
Detailed description of the cause

Qi Stagnation

Qi Stagnation in TCM is like having a traffic jam in your body's energy system. Qi, the vital life force that flows through your body, is supposed to move smoothly to maintain health and balance. But with Qi Stagnation, this flow gets blocked or slowed down, like cars stuck on a highway. This can lead to symptoms like feeling stressed, emotional mood swings, and physical discomfort, often described as a feeling of fullness or tightness, especially in the chest or abdomen. It's as though the body's internal energy circulation is disrupted, causing various issues. TCM sees this as an energy flow problem, different from modern medicine's focus on specific physiological processes.... see more

Qi Stagnation Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Liver Qi Stagnation leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Hypochondriac distention, Chest distension, Upper abdominal distension, Abdominal distention, Sighing, Melancholia, Depression, Mood swings, Irregular periods, Globus sensation, Pre menstrual breast distension, Pre menstrual tension, Anxiety, Anger... see more Xiao Yao San
Detailed description of the cause

Phlegm

In TCM "Phlegm" as a pattern of disharmony is a complex concept that extends beyond the physical manifestation of mucus. It represents a pathological factor that can disrupt the flow of Qi (vital energy) and blood, leading to various health issues. Phlegm in TCM is seen as a sticky, turbid substance arising from the body's inability to metabolize fluids properly, often due to a dysfunction of the spleen. It's not only associated with respiratory problems like cough and congestion but also with systemic issues. Symptoms can include a feeling of heaviness, mental cloudiness, dizziness, and in some cases, the formation of lumps or masses. Phlegm can even be "invisible," contributing to emotional disturbances like depression or stress. ... see more

Phlegm Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus Vagina discharge, Late menstruation, Amenorrhea, Scanty menstruation, Lower abdominal pain, Abdominal heaviness, Feeling of oppression of the chest, Generalized fatigue, Diarrhea, Dull pale complexion, Obesity, Infertility, Ovarian cysts, Ovarian fibroids, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Pseudocyesis, Sputum, Feeling of heaviness... see more Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang | Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan | Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang | Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Spleen

In TCM the Spleen plays a vital role in digestion and transformation, converting food into energy and nutrients, and overseeing the distribution of Qi and Blood. It's also crucial in maintaining the health of muscles and limbs and ensuring the blood remains within the vessels. When the Spleen malfunctions in TCM, it can lead to a variety of issues such as digestive disorders, fatigue, weak muscles, bloating, and a feeling of heaviness. It can also cause a pale complexion, poor appetite, and a tendency to bruise easily. Emotionally, a Spleen imbalance is often associated with excessive worry or overthinking, reflecting its role in the interplay between physical and mental health.... see more

Spleen Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Common Symptoms: Generalized Fatigue Cold Extremities Diarrhea Lack Of Appetite Dull Shallow Face Weak Limbs Edema Sticky Vaginal Discharge

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Spleen Yang Deficiency Vagina discharge, Slight abdominal distension after eating, General weakness, Desire to lie in fetal position, Pale face, Cold extremities, Chills, Undigested food in stools, Excessive gas and flatulence, Bloated abdomen, Abdominal pain relieved by pressure and warmth, Dull shallow face... see more Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang | Yi Huang Tang | Zhen Wu Tang | Huang Tu Tang
Spleen Deficiency leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Sticky vaginal discharge, Generalized fatigue, Depression, Cold extremities, Diarrhea, White vaginal discharge, Lack of appetite, Amenorrhea, Dull shallow face, Weak limbs... see more Wan Dai Tang | Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang | Yi Huang Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Kidney

In TCM the Kidneys are regarded as the body's most fundamental reservoir of Essence, known as Jing, which influences growth, reproduction, and aging. They are not just organs for filtering blood, but a holistic system governing vital life forces. When the Kidneys malfunction in TCM, it can manifest as a variety of health issues, such as chronic fatigue, reproductive problems, imbalances in fluid metabolism leading to edema or dryness, lower back pain, and a sense of fear or insecurity.... see more

Kidney Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Common Symptoms: Lower Back Pain Dizziness Tinnitus Generalized Fatigue General Weakness Depression Premature Ejaculation Oligospermia

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Kidney Yang Deficiency leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Vaginal discharge, Lower back pain, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Weak and cold knees, Lower back coldness, Chills, Weak legs, Bright pale face, Generalized fatigue, General weakness, Leg edema, Female infertility, Diarrhea, Depression, Erectile dysfunction, Premature ejaculation, Oligospermia, Low sex drive, Pale and abudant urination... see more Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan | Ba Wei Di Huang Wan | You Gui Wan | Er Xian Tang | Shen Qi Wan | Tu Si Zi Wan
Kidney Yin Deficiency leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Perspiration, Back pain, Hearing loss, Dry mouth and throat at night, Lower back pain, Constipation, Scanty and dark urine, Infertility, Premature ejaculation, Generalized fatigue, General weakness, Depression, Anxiety, Heat sensation in palms, Evening heat sensation, Flushed cheekbones, Menopausal hot flashes, Preference for sipping, Evening anxiety... see more Zuo Gui Wan | Ba Wei Di Huang Wan
Detailed description of the cause

Liver

In TCM the Liver is viewed as the organ responsible for the smooth flow of Qi, Blood, and emotions throughout the body. It plays a key role in regulating mood, storing blood, supporting digestion, and ensuring the health of tendons and eyes. When the Liver malfunctions or is imbalanced in TCM, it can lead to a range of issues such as irritability, mood swings, menstrual irregularities, eye problems, and muscular stiffness or pain. A malfunctioning Liver in TCM reflects not only physical disturbances but also emotional and mental disharmony, emphasizing the holistic approach of TCM in addressing health and wellness.... see more

Liver Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Liver Qi Stagnation leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, Hypochondriac distention, Chest distension, Upper abdominal distension, Abdominal distention, Sighing, Melancholia, Depression, Mood swings, Irregular periods, Globus sensation, Pre menstrual breast distension, Pre menstrual tension, Anxiety, Anger... see more Xiao Yao San
Detailed description of the cause

Uterus

In TCM the Uterus (or "Bao Gong") is not just a reproductive organ but a vital system closely linked to Kidney energy, responsible for menstrual health, fertility, and pregnancy. It's also connected to the Heart and Liver, reflecting the importance of emotional and blood health in reproductive wellness. In TCM, the Uterus is seen as a reservoir of Blood and Qi, crucial for reproductive health and general vitality. When the Uterus malfunctions or is imbalanced, it can lead to menstrual irregularities, infertility, miscarriages, or menopausal symptoms. Additionally, there might be symptoms like lower abdominal pain or emotional disturbances such as mood swings, often linked to Liver Qi stagnation. These manifestations highlight the TCM perspective that the health of the Uterus is intertwined with the overall balance of energy and blood in the body, as well as emotional well-being.... see more

Uterus Patterns That Can Lead to Leukorrhea

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus Vagina discharge, Late menstruation, Amenorrhea, Scanty menstruation, Lower abdominal pain, Abdominal heaviness, Feeling of oppression of the chest, Generalized fatigue, Diarrhea, Dull pale complexion, Obesity, Infertility, Ovarian cysts, Ovarian fibroids, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Pseudocyesis, Sputum, Feeling of heaviness... see more Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang | Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan | Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang | Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang

TCM Herbal Formulas for Leukorrhea

To counteract leukorrhea, TCM relies on herbal formulas and treatments tailored to the individual's pattern of disharmony. For Kidney Yang Deficiency, a formula like Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan may be prescribed to warm the Kidney Yang and eliminate Cold-Damp.

For Spleen Qi Deficiency, treatments often include Qi-tonifying herbs like Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, which strengthens the Spleen, enhances Qi, and helps manage the production and flow of bodily fluids. These treatments reflect TCM's holistic approach, targeting the specific imbalances that contribute to leukorrhea.

Explore below some TCM herbal formulas used to address leukorrhea, organized by cause and by formula type.

  • By Cause
  • By Formula Type
  • Yang Deficiency
  • Heat
  • Dampness
  • Qi Deficiency
  • Yin Deficiency
  • Qi Stagnation
  • Phlegm
  • Formulas that warm yang and tonify
  • Formulas that secure irregular uterine bleeding and stop vaginal discharge
  • Formulas that nourish yin and tonify
  • Formulas that dry dampness and transform phlegm
  • Formulas that warm and transform water and dampness
  • Formulas that tonify qi
  • Formulas that clear heat from the organs
  • Formulas that clear external abscesses and sores
  • Formulas that harmonize liver-Spleen
  • Formulas that dispel phlegm
  • Formulas that stop bleeding
  • Formulas that clear heat and expel dampness
  • Formulas that tonify yin and yang
  • Formulas that expel dampness

All Formulas Recommended for Leukorrhea Caused by Yang Deficiency

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang Spleen Yang Deficiency
Yi Huang Tang Spleen Yang Deficiency
Ba Wei Di Huang Wan Kidney Yang Deficiency
Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan Kidney Yang Deficiency
You Gui Wan Kidney Yang Deficiency
Er Xian Tang Kidney Yang Deficiency
Shen Qi Wan Kidney Yang Deficiency
Tu Si Zi Wan Kidney Yang Deficiency
Zhen Wu Tang Spleen Yang Deficiency
Huang Tu Tang Spleen Yang Deficiency

All Formulas Recommended for Leukorrhea Caused by Heat

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Yi Huang Tang Damp-Heat
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang Damp-Heat
Ba Zheng San Damp-Heat
Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin Toxic-Heat

All Formulas Recommended for Leukorrhea Caused by Dampness

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Yi Huang Tang Damp-Heat
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang Damp-Heat
Ba Zheng San Damp-Heat
Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus

All Formulas Recommended for Leukorrhea Caused by Qi Deficiency

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang Spleen Deficiency
Yi Huang Tang Spleen Deficiency
Wan Dai Tang Spleen Deficiency

All Formulas Recommended for Leukorrhea Caused by Yin Deficiency

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Ba Wei Di Huang Wan Kidney Yin Deficiency
Zuo Gui Wan Kidney Yin Deficiency

All Formulas Recommended for Leukorrhea Caused by Phlegm

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus

All "formulas that secure irregular uterine bleeding and stop vaginal discharge" recommended for leukorrhea

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Yi Huang Tang Spleen Deficiency, Damp-Heat, Spleen Yang Deficiency
Wan Dai Tang Spleen Deficiency

All "formulas that nourish yin and tonify" recommended for leukorrhea

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Ba Wei Di Huang Wan Kidney Yin Deficiency, Kidney Yang Deficiency
Zuo Gui Wan Kidney Yin Deficiency

All "formulas that warm yang and tonify" recommended for leukorrhea

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Wu Zi Yan Zong Wan Kidney Yang Deficiency
You Gui Wan Kidney Yang Deficiency
Shen Qi Wan Kidney Yang Deficiency
Tu Si Zi Wan Kidney Yang Deficiency

All "formulas that dry dampness and transform phlegm" recommended for leukorrhea

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Cang Fu Dao Tan Wan Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
Xiong Gui Er Chen Tang Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus

All "formulas that warm and transform water and dampness" recommended for leukorrhea

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Zhen Wu Tang Spleen Yang Deficiency
Bi Xie Fen Qing Yin Not applicable

Acupoints for Leukorrhea

Acupuncture, another pillar of TCM, employs specific points to address leukorrhea. Points such as Qihai (REN-6) and Sanyinjiao (SP-6) are often targeted for their effectiveness in tonifying Qi and Yang, supporting the Spleen, and regulating the Kidney. This treatment strategy exemplifies TCM's integrated approach to health, aiming to harmonize the body's energies, improve fluid metabolism, and alleviate symptoms of leukorrhea through natural, non-invasive means.

Explore below some acupoints used to address leukorrhea, organized by meridian.

  • By Meridian
  • Directing Vessel
  • Liver Channel
  • Gall Bladder Channel
  • Spleen Channel
Huiyin REN-1

Huiyin REN-1

In the center of the perineum.

Qugu REN-2

Qugu REN-2

On the midline of abdomen, just on the upper border of the symphysis pubis.

Qihai REN-6

Qihai REN-6

On the midline of the abdomen, 1.5 cun below the umbilicus.

Xingjian LIV-2

Xingjian LIV-2

Between the first and second toe, on the dorsum of the foot, 0.5 cun proximal to the interdigital fold.

Ligou LIV-5

Ligou LIV-5

5 cun above the tip of the medial malleolus, on the medial aspect and posterior to the medial crest of the tibia.

Ququan LIV-8

Ququan LIV-8

On the medial aspect of the knee join. Flex the knee and locate the point above the medial end of the popliteal crease, posterior to the medial condyle of the tibia, on the anterior border of the insertion of semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscle, about 1 cun anterior to Yingu KID-10.

Daimai GB-26

Daimai GB-26

Level with the umbilicus, directly below Zhangmen LIV-13 which is on the free end of the 11th rib.

Huantiao GB-30

Huantiao GB-30

At the junction of the middle and lateral third of the distance between the great trochanter and Yaoshu DU-2 of the hiatus of the sacrum. When locating the point, put the patient in lateral recumbent position with the thigh flexed.

Zulingqi GB-41

Zulingqi GB-41

In the depression distal to the junction of the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones, on the lateral side of the tendon of extensor digitorum longus muscle of the foot.

Yinlingquan SP-9

Yinlingquan SP-9

On the lower border of the medial condyle of the tibia, in the depression between the posterior border of the tibia and gastrocnemius muscle.

Chongmen SP-12

Chongmen SP-12

Lateral to the inguinal groove, on the immediate lateral side of the femoral artery, at the level of the upper border of symphysis pubis, 3.5 cun lateral to Qugu REN-2.