What is Arthralgia?

Arthralgia, commonly understood as joint pain, is a symptom that encompasses a range of discomforts in the joints. This pain can be transient or chronic, localized or widespread. It is a symptom frequently encountered by individuals of various ages and is often associated with stiffness, inflammation, or a reduction in joint mobility.

How does TCM view Arthralgia?

Traditional Chinese Medicine sees arthralgia not just as a physical ailment but as a disruption of the body's harmonious balance. It is thought to arise from the Stagnation of Qi and Blood, or from the invasion of external pathological factors such as Wind, Cold, Dampness, or Heat into the channels and muscles. Recognizing the precise pattern of disharmony is vital in TCM, as it guides the bespoke treatment plan.

Root Causes of Arthralgia in TCM

According to TCM, arthralgia may result from external climatic factors invading the body, leading to blockages in the flow of Qi and Blood within the joints. For instance, an invasion of Cold can lead to Stagnation, manifesting as sharp, fixed pain that worsens with cold weather.

Alternatively, Dampness accumulation can cause a sensation of heaviness, numbness, and swelling in the joints. These patterns are assessed through careful examination of symptoms, tongue diagnosis, and pulse-taking to tailor an effective treatment strategy.

Explore below more details about what might cause Arthralgia according to TCM.

  • By Syndrome
  • By Organ
  • Cold
  • Dampness
  • Heat
  • Yin Deficiency
  • Yang Deficiency
  • Blood Deficiency
  • Phlegm
  • Wind
  • Liver
  • Kidney
Detailed description of the cause

Cold

In TCM "Cold" as a pattern of disharmony refers to a specific type of imbalance within the body's systems, often linked to a deficiency or weakness. It's not about feeling physically cold or having a common cold, but rather a metaphorical description of certain symptoms and underlying conditions. When a TCM practitioner says someone suffers from "Cold," it usually implies that the body's Yang energy, which is warm and active, is insufficient or overpowered by Yin energy, which is cool and passive. Symptoms of Cold in TCM can include a general feeling of coldness, cold limbs, pale complexion, low energy, slow metabolism, and a preference for warmth. ... see more

Cold Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Common Symptoms: Cold Extremities Fever Body Pain Bone And Joint Pain Absence Of Thirst Aversion To Cold Migraine Cluster Headache

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Cold invading the Channels joints and muscles Joint pain, Arthralgia, Joint stiffness, Muscle pain, Swollen joints, Muscle numbness, Stiff neck... see more Wu Tou Tang | Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Damp-Cold Joints pain, Mouth ulcers, White and watery sputum, Nasal discharge, Sneezing, Chills, Abdominal pain, Cold extremities, Arthralgia, Diarrhea, Feeling of heaviness... see more Wei Ling Tang
Wind invading the Channels joints and muscles Joints pain, Arthralgia, Anemophobia, Fever Da Fang Feng Tang | Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Yang Deficiency with Cold-Damp Aching bones and joints, Body pain, Bone and joint pain, Cold extremities, Absence of thirst, Aversion to cold, Migraine, Cluster headache, Trigeminal neuralgia, Piriformis syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis... see more Fu Zi Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Dampness

"Dampness" in TCM is a concept that describes a pattern of disharmony where the body accumulates excess moisture. Imagine the heavy, sticky feeling you get on a very humid day; that's similar to what dampness feels like internally. It can manifest as a sense of heaviness, bloating, sluggishness, or even a foggy mind. This condition is often thought to arise from environmental factors like living in a damp place, dietary habits that promote moisture in the body, or internal imbalances that hinder the body's ability to process fluids properly. In TCM, dampness can obstruct the normal flow of energy and fluids in the body, leading to various symptoms.... see more

Dampness Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Common Symptoms: Cold Extremities Absence Of Thirst Aversion To Cold Fever Feeling Of Heaviness Acne Diarrhea Body Pain

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Dampness invading the Channels joints and muscles Joint pain, Arthralgia, Joint stiffness, Swollen joints, Skin numbness, Heavy joint, Muscle numbness... see more Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang | Xiao Huo Luo Dan
Damp-Heat Joint pain, Fever, Neck gland swelling, Headaches, Tight feeling in chest and stomach, Sticky taste in the mouth, Absence of thirst, Feeling hot, Feeling of heaviness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Acne... see more Ba Zheng San
Damp-Cold Joints pain, Mouth ulcers, White and watery sputum, Nasal discharge, Sneezing, Chills, Abdominal pain, Cold extremities, Arthralgia, Diarrhea, Feeling of heaviness... see more Wei Ling Tang
Yang Deficiency with Cold-Damp Aching bones and joints, Body pain, Bone and joint pain, Cold extremities, Absence of thirst, Aversion to cold, Migraine, Cluster headache, Trigeminal neuralgia, Piriformis syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis... see more Fu Zi Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Heat

In TCM "Heat" signifies an excess of Yang energy, leading to an imbalance where heat predominates over the body's cool Yin aspects. This condition is metaphorically akin to an internal over-heating. Symptoms indicative of Heat can include feelings of warmth, fever, sweating, irritability, red face, thirst with a preference for cold drinks, and a rapid pulse. The tongue may appear red with a yellow coating. Unlike the common interpretation of heat in terms of temperature, in TCM, it represents a state of hyperactivity or inflammation in the body.... see more

Heat Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Common Symptoms: Fever Thirst Generalized Fatigue Neck Gland Swelling Headaches Tight Feeling In Chest And Stomach Sticky Taste In The Mouth Absence Of Thirst

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Damp-Heat Joint pain, Fever, Neck gland swelling, Headaches, Tight feeling in chest and stomach, Sticky taste in the mouth, Absence of thirst, Feeling hot, Feeling of heaviness, Bitter taste in the mouth, Acne... see more Ba Zheng San
Heat invading the Channels joints and muscles Joints pain, Arthralgia, Joints red and hot, Fever, Thirst, Anxiety, Anemophobia, Swollen joints, Joint stiffness... see more Xuan Bi Tang
Empty-Heat caused by Yin Deficiency Joint pain, Nighttime fever, Emaciation, Chronic pyelonephritis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Renal tuberculosis, Tidal fever, Hot palms and soles, Red skin eruptions, Night sweats, Generalized fatigue... see more Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Yin Deficiency

Yin deficiency in TCM is a pattern of disharmony characterized by a depletion of the body's Yin energy, which represents the cooling, moistening, and nurturing aspects of our physiology. This condition often arises from factors like chronic stress, overwork, insufficient rest, or prolonged illness. Symptoms of Yin deficiency can include a sensation of heat, especially in the afternoon or evening, night sweats, insomnia, a dry mouth or throat, and a red tongue with little coating. There might also be a general feeling of restlessness or irritability. Since Yin is essential for balancing the body's active and warm Yang energy, its deficiency leads to a relative excess of Yang, manifesting as heat or dryness symptoms.... see more

Yin Deficiency Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Common Symptoms: Pulmonary Tuberculosis Renal Tuberculosis Hot Palms And Soles Night Sweats Generalized Fatigue Insomnia Nighttime Fever Emaciation

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency Joint pain, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, Lower back pain, Vertical headaches, Occipital headache, Insomnia, Limb numbness, Tingling of limbs, Dry eyes, Blurry vision, Dry throat, Dry hair, Skin dryness, Withered and brittle nails, Vaginal dryness, Night sweats, Dry stools, Nocturnal emission, Scanty menstruation, Amenorrhea, Late menstruation, Infertility... see more Qi Ju Di Huang Wan | Liu Wei Di Huang Wan | Gui Shao Di Huang Tang | Zuo Gui Yin
Empty-Heat caused by Yin Deficiency Joint pain, Nighttime fever, Emaciation, Chronic pyelonephritis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Renal tuberculosis, Tidal fever, Hot palms and soles, Red skin eruptions, Night sweats, Generalized fatigue... see more Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Yang Deficiency

Yang deficiency in TCM refers to a state where the body's Yang energy, which is responsible for warmth, activity, and function, is weakened or diminished. This pattern of disharmony often arises from chronic illness, aging, or inherent constitutional weakness. Symptoms of Yang deficiency are typically associated with cold and sluggishness, such as a feeling of coldness, cold extremities, pale complexion, low energy or fatigue, and a desire for warmth. Digestive issues like poor appetite, loose stools, and water retention can also be indicative of Yang deficiency.... see more

Yang Deficiency Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Yang Deficiency with Cold-Damp Aching bones and joints, Body pain, Bone and joint pain, Cold extremities, Absence of thirst, Aversion to cold, Migraine, Cluster headache, Trigeminal neuralgia, Piriformis syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis... see more Fu Zi Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Blood Deficiency

Blood Deficiency in TCM is like when your body's tank runs low on the vital energy that blood provides. It's not exactly the same as anemia in modern medicine, which is about having too few red blood cells. Instead, Blood Deficiency in TCM is about your body not having enough of the life-giving qualities that blood brings, like nourishment and moisture. This can make you feel tired, look pale, and even feel dizzy or have blurry vision. It's like a garden not getting enough water to stay lush and vibrant. TCM sees this as an imbalance where the body isn't being nourished as it should be, impacting overall health and well-being.... see more

Blood Deficiency Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Liver Blood Deficiency Joint pain, Blurry vision, Dull pale complexion, Scanty menstruation, Limb numbness, Pale lips, Muscle weakness, Dizziness, Tingling of limbs, Insomnia, Eye floaters, Night blindness, Amenorrhea, Withered and brittle nails, Dry hair, Skin dryness, Depression, Lack of direction, Vivid dreaming... see more Si Wu Tang | Bu Gan Tang | Suan Zao Ren Tang | Qi Bao Mei Ran Dan
Detailed description of the cause

Phlegm

In TCM "Phlegm" as a pattern of disharmony is a complex concept that extends beyond the physical manifestation of mucus. It represents a pathological factor that can disrupt the flow of Qi (vital energy) and blood, leading to various health issues. Phlegm in TCM is seen as a sticky, turbid substance arising from the body's inability to metabolize fluids properly, often due to a dysfunction of the spleen. It's not only associated with respiratory problems like cough and congestion but also with systemic issues. Symptoms can include a feeling of heaviness, mental cloudiness, dizziness, and in some cases, the formation of lumps or masses. Phlegm can even be "invisible," contributing to emotional disturbances like depression or stress. ... see more

Phlegm Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Phlegm in the Channels joints and muscles Joints pain, Skin numbness, Skeletal deformities, Joint stiffness, Arthralgia, Muscle pain Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang
Detailed description of the cause

Wind

In TCM "Wind" is a concept that represents a pattern of disharmony, often characterized by its sudden and unpredictable nature, much like a gusty wind changing direction without warning. This pattern is associated with symptoms that come and go quickly or move around the body, such as itching, tremors, or even certain types of pain. Wind is considered to be a primary cause of illnesses that have these rapidly changing characteristics. In TCM, external Wind often refers to illnesses that start suddenly, like the common cold, believed to be caused by external pathogenic factors like climatic changes. On the other hand, internal Wind can be linked to internal imbalances and can manifest in conditions like dizziness or spasms. ... see more

Wind Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Exterior Wind Joint pain, Aversion to cold, Fever, Headaches, Anemophobia, Nasal discharge, Clear sputum, Itchy throat, Sneezing, Coughing, Muscle pain, Itchy skin... see more Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San
Detailed description of the cause

Liver

In TCM the Liver is viewed as the organ responsible for the smooth flow of Qi, Blood, and emotions throughout the body. It plays a key role in regulating mood, storing blood, supporting digestion, and ensuring the health of tendons and eyes. When the Liver malfunctions or is imbalanced in TCM, it can lead to a range of issues such as irritability, mood swings, menstrual irregularities, eye problems, and muscular stiffness or pain. A malfunctioning Liver in TCM reflects not only physical disturbances but also emotional and mental disharmony, emphasizing the holistic approach of TCM in addressing health and wellness.... see more

Liver Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Common Symptoms: Blurry Vision Scanty Menstruation Limb Numbness Dizziness Tingling Of Limbs Insomnia Amenorrhea Withered And Brittle Nails

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Liver Blood Deficiency Joint pain, Blurry vision, Dull pale complexion, Scanty menstruation, Limb numbness, Pale lips, Muscle weakness, Dizziness, Tingling of limbs, Insomnia, Eye floaters, Night blindness, Amenorrhea, Withered and brittle nails, Dry hair, Skin dryness, Depression, Lack of direction, Vivid dreaming... see more Si Wu Tang | Bu Gan Tang | Suan Zao Ren Tang | Qi Bao Mei Ran Dan
Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency Joint pain, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, Lower back pain, Vertical headaches, Occipital headache, Insomnia, Limb numbness, Tingling of limbs, Dry eyes, Blurry vision, Dry throat, Dry hair, Skin dryness, Withered and brittle nails, Vaginal dryness, Night sweats, Dry stools, Nocturnal emission, Scanty menstruation, Amenorrhea, Late menstruation, Infertility... see more Qi Ju Di Huang Wan | Liu Wei Di Huang Wan | Gui Shao Di Huang Tang | Zuo Gui Yin
Detailed description of the cause

Kidney

In TCM the Kidneys are regarded as the body's most fundamental reservoir of Essence, known as Jing, which influences growth, reproduction, and aging. They are not just organs for filtering blood, but a holistic system governing vital life forces. When the Kidneys malfunction in TCM, it can manifest as a variety of health issues, such as chronic fatigue, reproductive problems, imbalances in fluid metabolism leading to edema or dryness, lower back pain, and a sense of fear or insecurity.... see more

Kidney Patterns That Can Lead to Arthralgia

Pattern Name Relevant Symptoms Relevant Formulas
Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency Joint pain, Dizziness, Tinnitus, Hearing loss, Lower back pain, Vertical headaches, Occipital headache, Insomnia, Limb numbness, Tingling of limbs, Dry eyes, Blurry vision, Dry throat, Dry hair, Skin dryness, Withered and brittle nails, Vaginal dryness, Night sweats, Dry stools, Nocturnal emission, Scanty menstruation, Amenorrhea, Late menstruation, Infertility... see more Qi Ju Di Huang Wan | Liu Wei Di Huang Wan | Gui Shao Di Huang Tang | Zuo Gui Yin

TCM Herbal Formulas for Arthralgia

TCM employs a variety of herbal formulas to address arthralgia, chosen based on the underlying disharmony. Formulas like Wu Tou Tang are used to dispel Cold and invigorate the circulation in the channels, while Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang may be prescribed to invigorate the blood and dispel Blood Stagnation, providing relief from pain and stiffness in the joints. Herbs are carefully selected for their ability to target specific patterns and are often used in combination to enhance their therapeutic effects.

Explore below some TCM herbal formulas used to address arthralgia, organized by cause and by formula type.

  • By Cause
  • By Formula Type
  • Cold
  • Dampness
  • Heat
  • Yin Deficiency
  • Yang Deficiency
  • Blood Deficiency
  • Phlegm
  • Wind
  • Formulas that nourish yin and tonify
  • Formulas that dispel wind-Damp
  • Formulas that dredge and disperse external wind
  • Formulas that tonify blood
  • Formulas that warm and transform water and dampness
  • Formulas that regulate blood
  • Formulas that invigorate blood and dispel blood stagnation
  • Formulas that expel dampness
  • Formulas that warm the meridians and disperse cold
  • Formulas that clear heat and expel dampness
  • Formulas that nourish the heart and calm the mind
  • Formulas that tonify yin and yang
  • Formulas that clear heat from deficiency

All Formulas Recommended for Arthralgia Caused by Cold

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Xiao Huo Luo Dan Cold invading the Channels joints and muscles, Wind invading the Channels joints and muscles... see more
Wu Tou Tang Cold invading the Channels joints and muscles
Da Fang Feng Tang Wind invading the Channels joints and muscles
Fu Zi Tang Yang Deficiency with Cold-Damp
Wei Ling Tang Damp-Cold

All Formulas Recommended for Arthralgia Caused by Dampness

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Xiao Huo Luo Dan Dampness invading the Channels joints and muscles
Fu Zi Tang Yang Deficiency with Cold-Damp
Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang Dampness invading the Channels joints and muscles
Ba Zheng San Damp-Heat
Wei Ling Tang Damp-Cold

All Formulas Recommended for Arthralgia Caused by Heat

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Ba Zheng San Damp-Heat
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang Empty-Heat caused by Yin Deficiency
Xuan Bi Tang Heat invading the Channels joints and muscles

All Formulas Recommended for Arthralgia Caused by Yin Deficiency

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang Empty-Heat caused by Yin Deficiency
Qi Ju Di Huang Wan Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency
Gui Shao Di Huang Tang Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency
Zuo Gui Yin Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency

All Formulas Recommended for Arthralgia Caused by Blood Deficiency

Formula Patterns Suitable For
Si Wu Tang Liver Blood Deficiency
Bu Gan Tang Liver Blood Deficiency
Suan Zao Ren Tang Liver Blood Deficiency
Qi Bao Mei Ran Dan Liver Blood Deficiency

All "formulas that dredge and disperse external wind" recommended for arthralgia

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Xiao Huo Luo Dan Cold invading the Channels joints and muscles, Dampness invading the Channels joints and muscles, Painful Obstruction, Wind invading the Channels joints and muscles... see more
Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San Exterior Wind

All "formulas that dispel wind-Damp" recommended for arthralgia

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Da Fang Feng Tang Painful Obstruction, Wind invading the Channels joints and muscles
Xuan Bi Tang Heat invading the Channels joints and muscles

All "formulas that nourish yin and tonify" recommended for arthralgia

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Qi Ju Di Huang Wan Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency
Gui Shao Di Huang Tang Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency
Zuo Gui Yin Kidney and Liver Yin Deficiency

All "formulas that tonify blood" recommended for arthralgia

Formula Patterns Suitable For (if applicable)
Si Wu Tang Liver Blood Deficiency
Bu Gan Tang Liver Blood Deficiency

Acupoints for Arthralgia

TCM also incorporates acupuncture as a treatment for arthralgia, with specific acupoints selected to unblock Qi and blood stagnation. Points such as Shangqiu SP-5 are utilized to strengthen the Spleen, which in TCM is involved in the transformation of Dampness, while also soothing the mind and easing pain. Each point is chosen based on its location and action to form a holistic approach to treating joint pain.

See more details below about Shangqiu SP-5, an acupoint used to address arthralgia.

  • By Meridian
  • Spleen Channel
Shangqiu SP-5

Shangqiu SP-5

In the depression distal and inferior to the medial malleolus, midway between the navicular bone tubercle and the tip of the medial malleolus.